# US 12,521,518 B2 · Systems, methods, and devices for measurement, identification, and generation of sleep state models > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,521,518 B2 - Document ID: US12521518B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/139,214 - Filed: 2023-04-25 - Published: 2023-09-28 - Granted: 2026-01-13 - Earliest claimed: 2020-08-21 - Assignees: StimScience Inc. - Applicants: StimScience Inc. - Inventors: Ram Gurumoorthy - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12521518B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/293: Invasive - A61M 21/02: for inducing sleep or relaxation, e.g. by direct nerve stimulation, hypnosis, analgesia (for massage A61H; electrotherapy A61N, e.g. applying alternating or intermittent electric currents for producing anaesthesia A61N1/36021) - A61B 5/24: Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof - A61B 5/37: Intracranial electroencephalography [IC-EEG], e.g. electrocorticography [ECoG] - A61B 5/383: Somatosensory stimuli, e.g. electric stimulation - A61B 5/4812: {Detecting sleep stages or cycles} - A61B 5/4836: {Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods (A61B5/0036 takes precedence)} - A61B 5/6868: {Brain} - A61B 5/7267: {involving training the classification device} - A61M 2021/0022: {by the tactile sense, e.g. vibrations} - A61M 2021/0027: {by the hearing sense} - A61M 2021/0072: {with application of electrical currents} - A61M 2205/3303: Using a biosensor - A61M 2205/502: User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards - A61M 2230/08: Other bio-electrical signals - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - A61M: DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY (introducing media into or onto the bodies of animals A61D7/00; means for inserting tampons A61F13/26; devices for administering food or medicines orally A61J; containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/05); DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY (surgery A61B; chemical aspects of surgical articles A61L); DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR {(Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents A61N1/36021)} ## Abstract Provided are systems, methods, and devices for measurement, identification, and generation of sleep state models. Systems include a plurality of electrodes configured to be coupled to a brain of a user and configured to obtain a plurality of measurements from the brain of the user, and an interface configured to obtain the plurality of measurements from the plurality of electrodes. Systems include a processing device comprising one or more processors configured to generate a sleep state model associated with the user, the sleep state model identifying characteristics of a plurality of sleep stages, and further identifying characteristics of transitions between the plurality of sleep stages. Systems include a controller comprising one or more processors configured to generate a control signal based on the sleep state model and the plurality of measurements. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system comprising: a plurality of electrodes configured to be coupled to a brain of a user and configured to obtain a plurality of measurements from the brain of the user; an interface configured to obtain the plurality of measurements from the plurality of electrodes; one or more processors configured to generate a sleep state model associated with the user, the sleep state model identifying characteristics of a plurality of stages, and further identifying characteristics of transitions between the plurality of stages; and the one or more processors configured to generate a control signal based on the sleep state model and the plurality of measurements; wherein the control signal is configured to initiate a change in a current stage of the user via application of first electrical stimuli to the brain, wherein the transitions between the plurality of stages comprises a transition from the current stage to a second sleep stage, wherein the second stage is one of N1, N2, N3 or REM stages, and wherein to change the current stage of the user, the control signal is further configured to, in response to determining that the user is beginning the transition from the current stage to the second sleep stage, apply additional stimuli to the brain. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the interface comprises the plurality of electrodes, and wherein the plurality of measurements is neural activity of the user. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2, wherein the control signal comprises a plurality of stimuli generated based on a plurality of stimulation parameters. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to provide the control signal to the brain via the interface and the plurality of electrodes. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the second sleep stage is a deeper sleep stage than the current stage. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of measurements include at least one individual-specific resonant frequency and the control signal is based on the at least one individual-specific resonant frequency. ### Claim 7 A method comprising: receiving, via an interface coupled to a brain of a user, a plurality of measurements from the brain of the user; identifying, using one or more processors of a processing device, based, at least in part, on the plurality of measurements, a plurality of stages of the user; generating, using one or more processors of the processing device, a sleep state model associated with the user, the sleep state model identifying characteristics of each of the plurality of stages, and further identifying characteristics of transitions between the plurality of stages; and generating, using one or more processors of the processing device, a control signal based on the sleep state model and the plurality of measurements; wherein the control signal is configured to initiate a change in a current stage of the user via application of first electrical stimuli to the brain, wherein the transitions between the plurality of stages comprises a transition from the current stage to a second sleep stage, wherein the second stage is one of N1, N2, N3 or REM stages, and wherein to change the current stage of the user, the control signal is further configured to, in response to determining that the user is beginning the transition from the current stage to the second sleep stage, apply additional stimuli to the brain. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein the interface comprises a plurality of electrodes, and wherein the plurality of measurements is neural activity of the user. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the control signal comprises a plurality of stimuli generated based on a plurality of stimulation parameters. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising, providing, with one or more processors, the control signal to the brain via the interface and the plurality of electrodes. ### Claim 11 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein the second sleep stage is a deeper sleep stage than the current stage. ### Claim 12 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of measurements include at least one individual-specific resonant frequency and the control signal is based on the at least one individual-specific resonant frequency. ### Claim 13 A system comprising: a plurality of electrodes configured to be coupled to a brain of a user and configured to obtain a plurality of measurements from the brain of the user; an interface configured to obtain the plurality of measurements from the plurality of electrodes; a one or more processors configured to generate a sleep state model associated with the user, the sleep state model identifying characteristics of a plurality of sleep stages, and further identifying characteristics of transitions between the plurality of sleep stages; and the one or more processors configured to generate a control signal based on the sleep state model and the plurality of measurements; wherein the control signal is configured to retain a current sleep stage of the user via application of first electrical stimuli to the brain, wherein the transitions between the plurality of sleep stages comprises a transition from the current sleep stage to a second sleep stage, wherein the current sleep stage is one of N1, N2, N3, or REM sleep stages, and wherein to retain the current sleep stage of the user, the control signal is further configured to, in response to determining that the user is beginning the transition from the current sleep stage to the second sleep stage, apply additional stimuli to the brain. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the interface comprises the plurality of electrodes, and wherein the plurality of measurements is neural activity of the user. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The system of claim 14, wherein the control signal comprises a plurality of stimuli generated based on a plurality of stimulation parameters. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to provide the control signal to the brain via the interface and the plurality of electrodes. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the second sleep stage is a lighter sleep stage than the current sleep stage. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of measurements include at least one individual-specific resonant frequency and the control signal is based on the at least one individual-specific resonant frequency. ### Claim 19 A method comprising: receiving, via an interface coupled to a brain of a user, a plurality of measurements from the brain of the user; identifying, using one or more processors of a processing device, based, at least in part, on the plurality of measurements, a plurality of sleep stages of the user; generating, using one or more processors of the processing device, a sleep state model associated with the user, the sleep state model identifying characteristics of each of the plurality of sleep stages, and further identifying characteristics of transitions between the plurality of sleep stages; and generating, using one or more processors of the processing device, a control signal based on the sleep state model and the plurality of measurements; wherein the control signal is configured to retain a current sleep stage of the user via application of first electrical stimuli to the brain, wherein the transitions between the plurality of sleep stages comprises a transition from the current sleep stage to a second sleep stage, wherein the current sleep stage is one of N1, N2, N3 or REM sleep stages, and wherein to retain the current sleep stage of the user, the control signal is further configured to, in response to determining that the user is beginning the transition from the current sleep stage to the second sleep stage, apply additional stimuli to the brain. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the interface comprises a plurality of electrodes, and wherein the plurality of measurements is neural activity of the user. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the control signal comprises a plurality of stimuli generated based on a plurality of stimulation parameters. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, further comprising providing, with the one or more processors, the control signal to the brain via the interface and the plurality of electrodes. ### Claim 23 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the second sleep stage is a lighter sleep stage than the current sleep stage. ### Claim 24 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the plurality of measurements include at least one individual-specific resonant frequency and the control signal is based on the at least one individual-specific resonant frequency.