Thermal runaway suppressant of lithium batteries and the related applications

A lithium battery capable of suppressing thermal runaway, comprising:

• a package component, sealing and housing an electrochemical reaction system;
• and
• a thermal runaway suppressor, disposed outside of the electrochemical reaction system, comprising:
• a passivation composition supplier, being anhydrous, for releasing a metal ion (A) and an amphoteric metal ion (B), and wherein the metal ion (A) is selected from a non-lithium alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or a combination thereof;
• a polar solution supplier, being a water-releasing compound decomposed endothermically for releasing a polar solution;
• and
• an isolating mechanism, being a capsule made of a dissolvable material, which is dissolved in the polar solution, encapsulating the passivation composition supplier and/or the polar solution supplier to separate and prevent the passivation composition supplier and the polar solution supplier from contacting directly under a predetermined temperature, when the temperature of the thermal runaway suppressor reaches to a predetermined temperature, the isolating mechanism is failed and the polar solution supplier releases a polar solution to act with the passivation composition supplier to dissociate and release the metal ion (A) and the amphoteric metal ion (B), the polar solution carries the metal ion (A) and the amphoteric metal ion (B) to a positive active material and a negative active material of a lithium battery for passivation and to terminate an electrochemical reaction;
• wherein the capsule is made of a material selected from gelatin, gum arabic, chitosan, sodium caseinate, starch, lactose, maltodextrin, poly-1-lysine/alginate, polyethyleneimine/alginate, calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol;
• wherein the passivation composition supplier includes a compound capable of providing the amphoteric metal ion (B), the compound including one of AlBr3, AlI3, Al(NO3)3, AlClO4, AlF3, NaAl(OH)4 or Zn(OH)2;
• and
• wherein the thermal runaway suppressor is disposed outside of the package component, and the package component includes multiple through holes for allowing the thermal runaway suppressor entering into the electrochemical reaction system for the passivation.

A thermal runaway suppressant, comprising:

• a passivation composition supplier, for releasing a metal ion (A) and an amphoteric metal ion (B), and wherein the metal ion (A) is selected from a non-lithium alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or a combination thereof, wherein the passivation composition supplier is anhydrous;
• a polar solution supplier, being a water-releasing compound decomposed endothermically for releasing a polar solution;
• and
• an isolating mechanism, encapsulating the passivation composition supplier and/or the polar solution supplier to separate and prevent the passivation composition supplier and the polar solution supplier from contacting directly under a predetermined temperature, and the isolating mechanism is a polymer film with multiple through holes (25), when the temperature of the thermal runaway suppressant reaches to a predetermined temperature, and the polar solution supplier releases a polar solution to contact to the passivation composition supplier (12) via the multiple through holes (25) as a transmission path and act with the passivation composition supplier to dissociate and release the metal ion (A) and the amphoteric metal ion (B), the polar solution serves as a transmission medium and carries the metal ion (A) and the amphoteric metal ion (B) to a positive active material and a negative active material of a lithium battery and the metal ion (A) and the amphoteric metal ion (B) react with the positive active material and the negative active material for passivation and to terminate an electrochemical reaction;
• wherein both of the passivation composition supplier and polar solution supplier are in a non-fluid state under the predetermined temperature;
• and
• wherein the polymer film includes a film-forming agent selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), polyurethane (PU), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC).

A lithium battery capable of suppressing thermal runaway, comprising:

• an electrochemical reaction system;
• a package component, sealing and housing the electrochemical reaction system;
• and
• a two-part thermal runaway suppressor, being a liquid mixture of a first part and a second part to dissociate and release a metal ion (A) and an amphoteric metal ion (B) to the electrochemical reaction system, wherein the first part is a passivation composition supplier and the second part is a polar solution supplier,
• wherein
• the polar solution supplier is for supplying a polar solution that is a water-releasing compound decomposed endothermically, and the polar solution is water;
• and
• the passivation composition supplier is anhydrous and is dissociated in the polar solution for releasing the metal ion (A) and the amphoteric metal ion (B), and wherein the metal ion (A) is selected from a non-lithium alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or a combination thereof;
• the two-part thermal runaway suppressor further comprising an isolating mechanism, the isolating mechanism being a capsule made of a dissolvable material dissolved in the polar solution, the capsule encapsulating the passivation composition supplier and/or the polar solution supplier to separate and prevent the passivation composition supplier and the polar solution supplier from contacting directly under a predetermined temperature;
• and
• wherein when a temperature of the thermal runaway suppressant reaches to the predetermined temperature, the isolating mechanism (26) is failed and the polar solution supplier releases a polar solution to act with the passivation composition supplier to dissociate and release the metal ion (A) and the amphoteric metal ion (B), the polar solution serves as a transmission medium and carries the metal ion (A) and the amphoteric metal ion (B) to a positive active material and a negative active material of the lithium battery to terminate an electrochemical reaction.