Coloring composition, coloring method, and pigment dispersion

An aqueous coloring composition comprising:

• a metal pigment, an organic solvent, and water, wherein:
• the metal pigment is metal particles having a surface treated with at least one surface treatment agent;
• the metal particles are particles formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy;
• the organic solvent contains an aromatic monohydric alcohol:
• the surface treatment agent is at least one compound represented by general formula (1) or (2);
• and
• a volume-average particle diameter D50 of the metal pigment is 9 μm or less:
• (A1-R1—)P(O)(OH)2 (1)
• (A2-R2—O—)aP(O)(OH)3-a (2)
• where A1 and A2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group selected from a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and an oxyalkylene-containing group, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 12 or more carbon atoms, and a represents an integer of 1 or 2.