Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

A process cartridge comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• and
• at least one unit selected from the group consisting of:
• a charging unit;
• a developing unit;
• and a cleaning unit,
• the process cartridge integrally supporting the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the at least one unit, and being removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus,
• wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrographic photosensitive member including:
• a support having a cylindrical shape;
• and
• a photosensitive layer,
• wherein the support has a surface formed of Al and/or an Al alloy,
• wherein the surface of the support comprises Al crystal grains having:
• (α) a plane at −15° or more and less than +15° with respect to a {001} orientation;
• (β) a plane at −15° or more and less than +15° with respect to a {101} orientation;
• and
• (γ) a plane at −15° or more and less than +15° with respect to a {111} orientation, and
• wherein a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having the (γ) to a total area of the surface of the support is 10% or less, and a value of a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having the (α) to an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having the (β) is more than 4/6 and less than 6/4.

An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• a charging unit;
• an exposing unit;
• a developing unit;
• and
• a transferring unit,
• wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrographic photosensitive member including:
• a support having a cylindrical shape;
• and
• a photosensitive layer,
• wherein the support has a surface formed of Al and/or an Al alloy,
• wherein the surface of the support comprises Al crystal grains having:
• (α) a plane at −15° or more and less than +15° with respect to a {001} orientation;
• (β) a plane at −15° or more and less than +15° with respect to a {101} orientation;
• and
• (γ) a plane at −15° or more and less than +15° with respect to a {111} orientation, and
• wherein a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having the (γ) to a total area of the surface of the support is 10% or less, and a value of a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having the (α) to an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having the (β) is more than 4/6 and less than 6/4.