Method for preparing powder material and application thereof

A method for preparing a powder material, comprising the following steps:

• at step 1:
• selecting initial alloy raw materials, and melting the initial alloy raw materials according to a ratio of initial alloy ingredients to obtain a homogeneous initial alloy melt containing an impurity element T, wherein T comprises at least one of O, H, N, P, S, F, Cl, I, and Br, and an ingredient of the initial alloy melt is AaMbTd;
• and M comprises at least one of Bi, Si and Ge;
• wherein;
• when M comprises Bi, A comprises Al;
• when M comprises at least one of Si and Ge, A comprises Al;
• a, b and d represents atomic percent contents of corresponding constituent elements, and 60%≤a<99.5%, 0.5%≤b<40% and 0<d≤10%;
• at step 2:
• solidifying the initial alloy melt into an initial alloy ribbon;
• wherein a solidification structure of the initial alloy ribbon comprises a matrix phase and a dispersed particle phase;
• the matrix phase has a lower melting point than the dispersed particle phase, the dispersed particle phase is wrapped in the matrix phase;
• during the solidification of the initial alloy melt, the impurity element T in the initial alloy melt is redistributed in the dispersed particle phase and the matrix phase, and is enriched in the matrix phase, so as to purify the dispersed particle phase;
• wherein a major ingredient of the dispersed particle phase in the initial alloy ribbon is Mx1Tz1, an average-ingredient of the matrix phase is Ax2Tz2;
• and 98.5%≤x1≤100%, 0≤z1≤1.5%;
• 80%≤x2<100%, 0<z2≤20%;
• z1<d<z2;
• x1, z1, x2, and z2 represent atomic percent contents of the corresponding constituent elements respectively;
• at step 3:
• removing the matrix phase in the initial alloy ribbon, and retaining the dispersed particle phase which is not removed at the same time during the removal of the matrix phase;
• collecting a separated dispersed particle phase, so as to obtain a target high-purity powder material composed of original dispersed particles.