# US 12,502,607 B2 · Dynamic volume adjustment based on a player's forward vector relative to an audio source in a virtual world > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,502,607 B2 - Document ID: US12502607B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/485,345 - Filed: 2023-10-12 - Published: 2025-04-17 - Granted: 2025-12-23 - Earliest claimed: 2023-10-12 - Assignees: VRChat Inc. - Applicants: VRChat Inc. - Inventors: Samuel Gates - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12502607B2 ## CPC - A63F 13/54: involving acoustic signals, e.g. for simulating revolutions per minute [RPM] dependent engine sounds in a driving game or reverberation against a virtual wall - A63F 2300/6063: for sound processing - A63F 2300/6081: generating an output signal, e.g. under timing constraints, for spatialization - A63F: CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ## Abstract The present technology provides a more natural audio experience in a virtual world. In particular, the present technology provides an inner cone around a local player where audio sources within the inner cone are presented at full volume and an outer cone where audio sources outside the outer cone are presented at a minimum volume, or not at all. Audio sources that originate between the inner cone and outer cone are scaled based on their distance between the inner cone and outer cone. The present technology also provides a spatial aspect by shaping the inner cone and outer cone based on the forward vector of the local player so that more sounds are audible that are in front of the local player and less sounds behind the local player are audible. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: drawing an inner cone around a local player; drawing an outer cone around the local player, the outer cone encompassing the inner cone; dynamically adjusting a sound amplitude of an audio source as perceived by the local player based on a placement of the audio source relative to the inner cone and the outer cone, wherein the sound amplitude of the audio source located outside the inner cone and inside the outer cone is a scaled sound amplitude between a first sound amplitude associated with the inner cone and a second sound amplitude for audio sources located outside the outer cone. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein a location of the local player is translated by a factor of an offset variable, wherein a larger offset variable locates the local player offset from a center of the inner cone and the outer cone in a direction inverse to a forward vector of the local player. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the it is determined that the audio source is located outside the inner cone by the method further comprising: determining a first point on the inner cone along a first vector originating at the local player and extending in a direction of the audio source; comparing a distance to the first point on the inner cone with a distance from the local player to the audio source; when the distance to the first point on the inner cone is less than the distance to the audio source, concluding that the audio source is located outside the inner cone. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, dynamically adjusting the sound amplitude, further comprising: determining a second point on the outer cone that is approximately closest to the audio source; determining a scaling factor based on a proportional location of the audio source with respect to the second point on the outer cone; and scaling the sound amplitude of the audio source between the first sound amplitude and the second sound amplitude proportionately based on the scaling factor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the second point on the outer cone that is approximately closest to the audio source, further comprises: drawing a second vector from a center of the inner cone extending in an approximate direction of the audio source and intersecting the outer cone; drawing a third vector from a center of the outer cone to intersect with the second vector on or approximately on the outer cone yielding the second point, wherein the second point is at an intersection of the first vector and the second vector. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, further comprising: determining that the audio source is located inside the outer cone when a distance along the second vector from the center of the inner cone to the audio source is shorter than a distance from the center of the inner cone to the second point. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the scaling factor based on the proportional location of the audio source with respect to the second point on the outer cone further comprises: determining a third point from an intersection of a second vector with the inner cone; performing a linear interpolation to generate the scaling factor based on the distance of the audio source between the second point and the third point to yield a result of the linear interpolation, wherein the result of the linear interpolation is a factor making up the scaling factor. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein the determining the scaling factor further comprises: calculating a dot product of a forward vector of the local player and the first vector, wherein the dot product is a factor making up the scaling factor. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein a size of the inner cone is dependent on a cone variable, wherein the cone variable is adjustable by the local player, wherein any audio source that is within the inner cone will have their volume presented at the first sound amplitude associated with the inner cone. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the drawing the inner cone around the local player further comprises: calculating a dot product of the forward vector of the local player and the vector from the local player to the audio source; scaling the length of the inner cone as a function of the dot product and a cone variable; and scaling the width of the inner cone as a function of the dot product and a falloff variable. ### Claim 11 A computing system comprising: a processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the system to: draw an inner cone around a local player; draw an outer cone around the local player, the outer cone encompassing the inner cone; dynamically adjust a sound amplitude of an audio source as perceived by the local player based on a placement of the audio source relative to the inner cone and the outer cone, wherein the sound amplitude of the audio source located outside the inner cone and inside the outer cone is a scaled sound amplitude between a first sound amplitude associated with the inner cone and a second sound amplitude for audio sources located outside the outer cone. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The computing system of claim 11, wherein a location of the local player is translated by a factor of an offset variable, wherein a larger offset variable locates the local player offset from a center of the inner cone and the outer cone in a direction inverse to a forward vector of the local player. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The computing system of claim 11, wherein the instructions configure the system to: perform a linear interpolation to generate a scaling factor based on the distance of the audio source between a second point and a third point to yield a result of the linear interpolation, wherein the result of the linear interpolation is a factor making up the scaling factor, wherein the scaling factor is used to adjust the sound amplitude of the audio source. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The computing system of claim 13, wherein the instructions to determine the scaling factor further comprises: calculate a dot product of a forward vector of the local player and the first vector, wherein the dot product is a factor making up the scaling factor. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The computing system of claim 11, wherein a size of the inner cone is dependent on a cone variable, wherein the cone variable is adjustable by the local player, wherein any audio source that is within the inner cone will have their volume presented at the first sound amplitude associated with the inner cone. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The computing system of claim 11, wherein the instructions to draw the inner cone around the local player further comprises: calculate a dot product of the forward vector of the local player and the vector from the local player to the audio source; scale the length of the inner cone as a function of the dot product and a cone variable; and scale the width of the inner cone as a function of the dot product and a falloff variable. ### Claim 17 A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: draw an inner cone around a local player; draw an outer cone around the local player, the outer cone encompassing the inner cone; dynamically adjust a sound amplitude of an audio source as perceived by the local player based on a placement of the audio source relative to the inner cone and the outer cone, wherein the sound amplitude of the audio source located outside the inner cone and inside the outer cone is a scaled sound amplitude between a first sound amplitude associated with the inner cone and a second sound amplitude for audio sources located outside the outer cone. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, the instructions further configure the at least one processor to: determine a first point on the inner cone along a first vector originating at the local player and extending in a direction of the audio source; compare a distance to the first point on the inner cone with a distance from the local player to the audio source; when the distance to the first point on the inner cone is less than the distance to the audio source, conclude that the audio source is located outside the inner cone. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions further configure the at least one processor to: determine a second point on the outer cone that is approximately closest to the audio source; determine a scaling factor based on a proportional location of the audio source with respect to the second point on the outer cone; and scale the sound amplitude of the audio source between the first sound amplitude and the second sound amplitude proportionately based on the scaling factor. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions further configure the at least one processor to: determine that the audio source is located inside the outer cone when a distance along a second vector from the center of the inner cone to the audio source is shorter than a distance from the center of the inner cone to the second point on the outer cone.