Liquid crystal antenna and method of beamforming of electromagnetic waves

A liquid crystal antenna, comprising:

• a feeding circuit board, comprising a plurality of traces, the traces forming a plurality of feeding transmission paths;
• and
• a liquid crystal modulation structure, disposed on the feeding circuit board, and comprising:
• a ground plane, disposed adjacent to the feeding circuit board and comprising a plurality of slotted holes;
• a plurality of patch antenna units, each comprising two patch antennas that overlap the slotted holes respectively in a vertical projection direction of the ground plane and corresponding to the feeding transmission paths respectively, wherein in each of the patch antenna units, two feeding transmission paths corresponding to the two patch antennas extend in opposite directions to their respective tail ends, and the two feeding transmission paths are identical in length;
• and
• a liquid crystal layer, disposed between the ground plane and the patch antenna units, and having a liquid crystal dielectric value varying according to a voltage difference between each of the patch antenna units and the ground plane;
• wherein when the feeding circuit board receives a feeding signal to form a feeding electromagnetic wave and the patch antenna units receive a plurality of bias voltages respectively so that the liquid crystal modulation structure forms an amplitude interference pattern, energy of the feeding signal is coupled to the liquid crystal modulation structure so that the feeding electromagnetic wave and the amplitude interference pattern interfere to form an electromagnetic beam, where the electromagnetic beam is directed to a specific angle, and an intensity and the specific angle of the electromagnetic beam are modulated according to variations of the feeding electromagnetic wave and the amplitude interference pattern.