# US 12,492,864 B1 · Apparatus and process for liquefying gases

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- Number: US 12,492,864 B1
- Document ID: US12492864B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 17/558,524
- Filed: 2021-12-21
- Granted: 2025-12-09
- Earliest claimed: 2017-05-16
- Applicants: Terrence J. Ebert
- Inventors: Terrence J. Ebert
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12492864B1

## CPC

- F25J 1/0045: {by vaporising a liquid return stream}
- F25J 3/04357: {and comprising a gas work expansion loop}
- F25J 1/0015: {Nitrogen}
- F25J 1/0017: {Oxygen}
- F25J 1/0037: {of a return stream}
- F25J 1/004: {by flash gas recovery (F25J1/0267 takes precedence)}
- F25J 1/005: {by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work}
- F25J 1/0052: {by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream}
- F25J 1/0072: {Nitrogen}
- F25J 1/0204: {as a single flow SCR cycle}
- F25J 1/0234: {Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit (cryogenic separation of air F25J3/04)}
- F25J 1/0236: {providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream}
- F25J 1/0259: {Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"}
- F25J 1/0271: {Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box}
- F25J 1/0274: {Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit}
- F25J 3/04224: {Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle}
- F25J 3/04315: {Lowest pressure or impure nitrogen, so-called waste nitrogen expansion}
- F25J 3/04321: {of oxygen}
- F25J 3/04393: {using multiple or multistage gas work expansion}
- F25J 3/04412: {in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column}
- F25J 3/04478: {for controlling purposes, e.g. start-up or back-up procedures (F25J3/04496 takes precedence)}
- F25J 3/04739: {in combination with an auxiliary pure argon column}
- F25J 3/04769: {Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process}
- F25J 3/04781: {Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping}
- F25J 3/04824: {Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures}
- F25J 3/0486: {of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids}
- F25J 3/0489: {Modularity and arrangement of parts of the air fractionation unit, in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot" (F25J3/04872 takes precedence)}
- F25J 3/04945: {Details of internal structure; insulation and housing of the cold box}
- F25J 3/04969: {Retrofitting or revamping of an existing air fractionation unit}
- F25J 1/0202: {in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop (F25J1/0208, F25J1/0219, F25J1/0224 take precedence)}
- F25J 3/04084: {of nitrogen}
- F25J 3/04678: {cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms}
- F25J 3/04872: {Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.}
- F25J 2205/60: using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
- F25J 2205/82: using a reactor with combustion or catalytic reaction
- F25J 2205/84: using filter
- F25J 2235/02: using a pump in general or hydrostatic pressure increase
- F25J 2235/42: the fluid being nitrogen
- F25J 2235/50: the fluid being oxygen
- F25J 2240/04: Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
- F25J 2245/42: the recycled stream being nitrogen
- F25J 2245/50: the recycled stream being oxygen
- F25J 2245/58: the recycled stream being argon or crude argon
- F25J 2245/90: the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
- F25J 2250/02: Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
- F25J 2250/42: One fluid being nitrogen
- F25J 2250/58: One fluid being argon or crude argon
- F25J 2270/06: with multiple gas expansion loops
- F25J 2270/16: with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
- F25J 2290/62: Details of storing a fluid in a tank
- F25J: LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS {OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS} MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT {OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE (cryogenic pumps F04B37/08; gas storage vessels, gas holders F17; filing vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied or solidified gases F17C; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B)}

## Abstract

A liquefier device which may be a retrofit to an air separation plant or utilized as part of a new design. The flow needed for the liquefier comes from an air separation plant running in a maxim oxygen state, in a stable mode. The three gas flows are low pressure oxygen, low pressure nitrogen, and higher pressure nitrogen. All of the flows are found on the side of the main heat exchanger with a temperature of about 37 degrees Fahrenheit. All of the gases put into the liquefier come out as a subcooled liquid, for storage or return to the air separation plant. This new liquefier does not include a front end electrical compressor, and will take a self-produced liquid nitrogen, pump it up to a runnable 420 PSIG pressure, and with the use of turbines, condensers, flash pots, and multi pass heat exchangers. The liquefier will make liquid from a planned amount of any pure gas oxygen or nitrogen an air separation plant can produce.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A liquefier device for producing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen comprising:
a plurality of multi pass counter-current flow heat exchangers including a warmer, a pre-heater, a condenser, and an added cooler;
a plurality of shell and tube heat exchangers including; a boiler, an oxygen production flash pot, a nitrogen production flash pot, a load control flash pot, and a pump flash pot, wherein a shell side of each of the shell and tube heat exchangers holds a nitrogen bath;
a turbine assembly including a plurality of turbine expanders connected in parallel and exiting to a common header, and a plurality of turbine boosters connected in series, each of the turbine boosters having an associated aftercooler;
the warmer, pre-heater, boiler, and condenser configured to receive and cool an oxygen gas flow supplied from an oxygen gas inlet line and directing the cooled oxygen gas flow into a tube side of the oxygen production flash pot to produce subcooled liquid oxygen;
a first of the turbine boosters connected in series configured to receive a flow of gas nitrogen to be increased in pressure and supplied from a low pressure nitrogen gas inlet line and another line containing nitrogen gas exiting the shell side of one or more of the oxygen production flash pot, nitrogen production flash pot, load control flash pot, and pump flash pot after being increased in temperature in the multi-pass counter current flow heat exchangers;
the multi-pass counter-current flow heat exchangers and boiler also configured to cool a combined flow of gas nitrogen supplied from a high pressure nitrogen gas inlet line and a return flow of equal pressure gas nitrogen in a line connecting from an exit of a second to last of the turbine booster aftercoolers, the combined flow of gas nitrogen then being fed into a tube side of the nitrogen production flash pot to produce subcooled liquid nitrogen;
the multi-pass counter current flow heat exchangers and boiler also configured to cool a nitrogen gas flow in a line exiting the aftercooler associated with last turbine booster connected in series and then feed the cooled nitrogen gas flow into a tube side of the pump flash pot to produce subcooled liquid nitrogen, at least some of which is then brought up in pressure and directed into the shell side of the boiler at an inlet temperature of within ±5° F. of a boiler running temperature and is boiled to a vapor pressure point, and then is directed into the pre-heater to produce a nitrogen gas stream having a temperature and a pressure to run the turbine expanders;
a pressure drop pipeline containing a nitrogen exit flow from the turbine expanders having an exit temperature close to a liquid phase connecting to an inlet to a phase separator in which nitrogen gas and liquid nitrogen droplets in the nitrogen exit flow are separated, and a flow of gas nitrogen off of the phase separator is directed in either a first branch line connecting sequentially through the condenser, boiler, pre heater, and warmer and then connecting to the turbine boosters connected in series between an exit of the second to last turbine booster aftercooler and inlet to the last turbine booster, or in a second branch line connecting to a tube side of the load control flash pot to produce subcooled liquid nitrogen; and
another exit line from the phase separator connected to direct separated liquid nitrogen through the added cooler to the shell side of the pump flash pot, or into another line including an overflow valve and connecting to the second branch line from the phase separator.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein the turbine assembly includes four turbine expanders connected in parallel and four turbine boosters connected in series.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein the subcooled liquid oxygen produced by the oxygen production flash pot is directed to an oxygen filter house and joins a separate flow of liquid oxygen filtered by the oxygen filter house prior to storage.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein the return flow of gas nitrogen from the second to last turbine booster aftercooler exit will reduce a work load of the last turbine booster connected in series and a work load of the turbine expanders.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein a volume of liquid nitrogen droplets formed in the pressure drop pipeline can exceed 200 gallons per hour.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein a line connecting between the second to last turbine booster aftercooler exit and the last turbine booster inlet further comprises a pressure zone having a variable pressure due to ambient temperature changes.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The liquefier device of claim 6, wherein as the variable pressure in the pressure zone increases, increased condensing in the load control flash pot will cause the flow of gas nitrogen off of the phase separator in the second branch line connecting to the tube side of the load control flash pot to increase, increasing production of the subcooled liquid nitrogen.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein the subcooled liquid nitrogen exiting the nitrogen production flash pot and the load control flash pot is joined in a line to a low pressure liquid nitrogen storage tank.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensor in a line directing liquid nitrogen into the shell side of the boiler, the boiler having a liquid nitrogen level sensor and a temperature sensor configured for controlling a flow of the liquid nitrogen into the shell side of the boiler, and a pressure sensor on the boiler for monitoring the pressure of the nitrogen gas stream exiting the boiler to a pass of the pre-heater to an inlet to the turbine expanders.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein the flow of gas nitrogen supplied from the high pressure nitrogen gas inlet line enters the liquefier device at a temperature below an ambient temperature and the return flow of equal pressure gas nitrogen exits the second to last turbine booster aftercooler at above the ambient temperature.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1 further comprising a pressure control valve for controlling a pressure of the combined flow of gas nitrogen from the high pressure nitrogen gas inlet line and the return flow of equal pressure gas nitrogen from the next to last turbine booster aftercooler exit into the warmer, wherein the combined flow of gas nitrogen will have a lower pressure after passing through the pressure control valve as a result of condensing of the combined flow of gas nitrogen in the nitrogen production flash pot.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein the turbine expanders are coupled to the turbine boosters such that a speed of the turbine expanders is controlled by the turbine boosters.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The liquefier device of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen exit flow from the turbine expanders is at a temperature a degree Fahrenheit or two from a condensing temperature and experiencing a pressure drop and turbulence with liquid condensation inside the pressure drop pipeline forming the liquid nitrogen droplets, the phase separator configured to separate the liquid nitrogen droplets from the nitrogen exit flow which fall to a bottom of the phase separator.