Roofing shingles, tiles and shakes

A roofing element in the form of a roofing shingle, shake or tile extending substantially in a plane, the roofing element having a top surface, the roofing element comprising:

• a body of a foamed cured cross-linked polymer, the body having a top surface at the top surface of the roofing element and a bottom surface, the body extending substantially in the plane, and
• a layer of weather-resistant roofing granules disposed on and adhered at the top surface of the roofing element,
• wherein the weather-resistant roofing granules are disposed directly on and partially embedded in a top surface of the body of the foamed cured cross-linked polymer,
• wherein the roofing element has an asphalt content of less than about 5 wt %, and
• wherein the roofing element passes the ASTM E-84 flame spray test,
• wherein the body of foamed cured cross-linked polymer has a void volume, and wherein no more than 10% of the void volume is formed by foam cells having a longest dimension in excess of 100 microns.