Precise multi-state tuning for changing resistance states of reconfigurable intelligent surface utilizing advanced materials

A capacitive device, comprising:

• a first capacitor having a capacitance value, the capacitor comprising a first conductor, a second conductor, and dielectric material between the first conductor and the second conductor;
• a tunable capacitive device configured to selectively adjust the capacitance value of the capacitive device to a different capacitive value from the capacitance value of the first capacitor, the tunable capacitive device comprising a first contact coupled to the first conductor and a second contact coupled to the second conductor, and further comprising a capacitive circuit, the capacitive circuit comprising a switching element comprising phase change material that changes to a lower resistance state when heated by a first energy pulse, and changes to a higher resistance state when heated by a second energy pulse that is different from the first energy pulse, the switching element being coupled to a second capacitor to couple the second capacitor to the capacitive circuit, and decouple the second capacitor from the capacitive circuit, based on whether the phase change material is in the lower resistance state or in the higher resistance state;
• and
• a controllable energy transfer component that selectively transfers first heat to the phase change material via the first energy pulse to change the phase change material to the lower resistance state, and transfers second heat via the second energy pulse to the phase change material to change the phase change material to the lower resistance state.