Metal plate with one-way shape memory effect

A plate comprising:

• a first plate element;
• and
• a second plate element;
• wherein at least one of the first plate element and the second plate element comprises a shape memory alloy capable of exhibiting a one-way shape memory effect;
• wherein the first plate element and the second plate element can be arranged in a fixed, complementary relationship at a first temperature;
• wherein the first plate element and the second plate element can be permitted to move relative to one another when at least one of the first plate element and the second plate element is heated to a second temperature;
• wherein the first plate element and the second plate element are not forced to move relative to one another when at least one of the first plate element and the second plate element is heated to the second temperature;
• wherein the second temperature exceeds the first temperature;
• and
• wherein:
• at the first temperature, an inner surface of the first plate element contacts an outer surface of the second plate element in a complementary arrangement to restrict relative movement of the first plate element and the second plate element;
• and
• heating to the second temperature results in a shape change thereby increasing a gap between the inner surface of the first plate element and the outer surface of the second plate element to permit but not force lengthening of the plate.