Turbulence inducer for internal combustion engines

An internal combustion engine, comprising:

• an engine intake port;
• an engine intake runner upstream of the engine intake port;
• at least one fuel injector upstream of the engine intake port;
• a turbulence inducer upstream of the fuel injector to convert laminar flow upstream of the turbulence inducer to turbulent flow downstream of the turbulence inducer;
• wherein the turbulence inducer comprises one or more helical surfaces for converting the laminar kinetic energy of the laminar flow into turbulent kinetic energy characterized by large scale eddies;
• wherein the large scale eddies have a length scale (LSE) in the range of approximately LSE=0.15-3.0 mm and a turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the range of approximately 20-100 m2/s2;
• wherein the large scale eddies have the LSE and the TKE that depend on the intake flow velocity (V) as defined by the following approximate formulas:
• LSE=0.2/V;
• TKE=0.65V;
• and
• wherein the fuel stream comprises one or more of Hydrogen and Methanol.

An internal combustion engine, comprising:

• an engine intake port;
• an engine intake runner upstream of the engine intake port;
• at least one fuel injector upstream of the engine intake port;
• a turbulence inducer upstream of the fuel injector to convert laminar flow upstream of the turbulence inducer to turbulent flow downstream of the turbulence inducer;
• wherein the turbulence inducer comprises a plurality of baffles for converting the laminar kinetic energy of the incoming intake flow into turbulent kinetic energy characterized by medium scale eddies;
• wherein the plurality of baffles are alternatively angled at an angle in the range of approximately ±15°-45°;
• and
• wherein the fuel stream comprises one or more of Hydrogen and Methanol.