Battery module and battery rack with enhanced fire safety features, and applications thereof

A battery rack, comprising:

• a plurality of battery modules, each battery module from among the plurality of battery modules comprising:
• a plurality of battery cells;
• and
• a top tray positioned above the plurality of battery cells, the top tray including a plurality of holes and being configured to collect water sprayed by a sprinkler head in response to a battery fire,
• wherein the plurality of holes is configured and arranged on the top tray to direct the water collected by the top tray downward to direct the water toward the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of holes comprising a first hole along a first longitudinal axis along a first edge line of a bottom of the top tray, a second hole along a second longitudinal axis along a centerline of the bottom of the top tray, and a third hole along a third longitudinal axis along a second edge line of the bottom of the top tray,
• wherein the first hole is configured and arranged to direct the water collected by the top tray downwards over a first side plate that is positioned along the first edge line of the bottom of the top tray,
• wherein the second hole is configured and arranged to direct the water collected by the top tray to flow down through a center plate that separates the plurality of battery cells along the centerline of the bottom of the top tray, and
• wherein the third hole is configured and arranged to direct the water collected by the top tray downwards over a second side plate that is positioned along the second edge line of the bottom of the top tray.