Extrapolation of seismic land streamer data using interferometry

A land streamer-based seismic system, comprising:

• a land streamer layout configured as a plurality of surface geophones connected in a linear arrangement along a ground surface, wherein the geophones are connected by cables;
• the plurality of surface geophones configured to simultaneously receive multiple seismic signals at various spatial locations to obtain a plurality of recorded traces;
• processing circuitry configured to extrapolate the recorded traces using interferometric extrapolation, by
• a first step of cross-correlation of the recorded traces to generate virtual traces and stacking together the virtual traces that share a same ray path to enhance signal-to-noise ratio of the virtual traces,
• a second step of convolving the virtual traces with the recorded traces to generate super-virtual traces having longer ray paths than the recorded traces, and stacking all super-virtual traces that share a same source and receiver points to further enhance signal-to-noise ratio of final super-virtual traces;
• append the recorded traces with the enhanced final super-virtual traces to obtain a full set of calculated traces;
• a moving mechanism to move the land streamer layout to another location on the ground surface and repeat processing steps to obtain another full set of calculated traces;
• and
• the processing circuitry further configured to identify subsurface geology for layers of rock at various spatial locations based on the calculated traces;
• wherein for extrapolated traces having a signal-to noise ratio (SNR) below a SNR threshold, the processing circuitry further configured to perform Iterative Spectral Varying Interferometry (ISVI) after the extrapolation to enhance the SNR of the virtual traces, wherein the ISVI is such that the super-virtual traces are iteratively convolved with a previous iteration of super-virtual traces to generate super-virtual traces with higher SNR.