Laser bonding of glass to thin metal foil

A method of laser bonding glass to metal foil, the method comprising:

• positioning a first surface of a first glass substrate adjacent to a first surface of a second glass substrate;
• contacting a second surface of the first glass substrate with a first surface of a first metal foil to create a first contact location between at least a portion of the second surface of the first glass substrate and the first surface of the first metal foil;
• conducting a first welding step by directing a laser beam on at least a portion of the first contact location to bond the first glass substrate to the first metal foil and form a first bond location;
• contacting a second surface of the second glass substrate with a first surface of a second metal foil to create a second contact location between at least a portion of the second surface of the second glass substrate and the first surface of the second metal foil;
• and
• conducting a second welding step by directing the laser beam on at least a portion of the second contact location to bond the second glass substrate to the second metal foil and form a second bond location,
• wherein the first metal foil and the second metal foil each have a thickness greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm, and
• wherein the laser beam comprises a pulsed laser comprising:
• a pulse energy greater than or equal to 2.8 μJ and less than or equal to 1000 μJ;
• and
• a wavelength such that the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate are substantially transparent to the wavelength of the laser beam and the first metal foil and the second metal foil are substantially opaque to the wavelength of the laser beam.