Quaternized cellulose-based resin and preparation method and application thereof

A preparation method of a quaternized cellulose-based resin, comprising the following steps:

• (1) mixing a cellulose solution, sodium hydroxide, urea and water to obtain a mixture, and then sequentially subjecting the mixture to pre-cooling and high-speed mixing to obtain a cellulose solution, wherein a rotating speed of the high-speed mixing is 500 rpm to 1000 rpm, the high-speed mixing is ultrasonic mixing, power of the ultrasonic mixing is 1000 W to 1200 W, and the ultrasonic mixing lasts for 10 minutes to 30 minutes;
• wherein a temperature of the high-speed mixing is 25° C. to 45° C., and the high-speed mixing lasts for 5 minutes to 30 minutes;
• the cellulose solution comprises cellulose and water;
• a mass ratio of cellulose to the urea in the cellulose solution is 1:25 to 100;
• a mass ratio of the cellulose to the sodium hydroxide in the cellulose solution is 1:25 to 100,
• a mass ratio of the urea to the water is 1:2 to 11;
• a temperature of the pre-cooling is −10° C. to −50° C., and the pre-cooling lasts for 1 hour to 5 hours;
• and a device for the pre-cooling is a refrigerator;
• (2) dropping a 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution into the cellulose solution, mixing for a quaternization reaction to obtain a quaternized cellulose solution, wherein a rate of the dropping is 30 drops/minute to 90 drops/minute;
• and a rate of the mixing is 300 rpm to 800 rpm, a temperature of the mixing is 25 to 35° C., and the mixing lasts for 12 to 16 hours;
• a temperature of the quaternization reaction is 25° C. to 50° C.;
• and
• (3) mixing the quaternized cellulose solution with chloromethylated polystyrene for a high-temperature reaction, wherein a particle size of the chloromethylated polystyrene is 0.315 mm to 1.250 mm, and a temperature of the high-temperature reaction is 100° C. to 150° C., so as to obtain the quaternized cellulose-based resin;
• wherein the high-temperature reaction lasts for 10 to 15 hours, a mass ratio of the chloromethylated polystyrene to the quaternized cellulose is 1 to 10:1.