Compositions for low-temperature distillation of high-boiling-point molecules

A composition, comprising a gas phase and a condensed phase, wherein:

• the condensed phase comprises sawdust;
• the gas phase comprises a molecule;
• the molecule is furfural;
• the condensed phase comprises the molecule;
• the gas phase has a temperature and a pressure;
• the temperature of the gas phase is greater than 100 degrees Celsius and no greater than 235 degrees Celsius;
• the composition has a rate of sensible heat transfer from the gas phase to the condensed phase of at least 2 joules per gram of the condensed phase per second and no greater than 20 kilojoules per gram of the condensed phase per second;
• the molecule has a boiling point at the pressure of the gas phase;
• the boiling point of the molecule is greater than the temperature of the gas phase;
• the molecule has a vapor pressure at the temperature of the gas phase;
• the vapor pressure of the molecule is less than the pressure of the gas phase;
• the condensed phase consists of one or both of a solid phase and a liquid phase;
• the condensed phase is suspended in the gas phase;
• the composition comprises at least 1 gram of the condensed phase per cubic meter of the gas phase;
• the composition comprises no greater than 1 gram of the condensed phase per liter of the gas phase;
• the composition comprises at least 2 micrograms of the furfural per gram of the condensed phase;
• the composition comprises no greater than 200 milligrams of the furfural per gram of the condensed phase;
• the composition comprises at least 2 micrograms of the furfural per gram of the gas phase;
• the composition comprises no greater than 200 milligrams of the furfural per gram of the gas phase;
• the composition has an average velocity of at least 100 millimeters per second;
• the composition has a turbulent flow;
• and
• the condensed phase has a surface-area-to-volume ratio of at least 500 per meter.