Poroelastic materials, biosensors comprising poroelastic materials, and methods of making and using poroelastic materials and biosensors

A biosensor comprising:

• a first layer formed of a poroelastic material comprising a porous medium having a solid matrix formed of a polymer material and electrically conductive nanomaterials in and/or connected through pores of the porous medium;
• a second layer formed of metallic material located on a first surface of the first layer, the second layer forming interconnections with the electrically conductive nanomaterials of the poroelastic material in the first layer;
• a third layer formed of a biocompatible metallic material located on and covering the second layer;
• and
• a fourth layer formed of a polymer insulator material located on a second surface of the first layer.

A method comprising:

• depositing a prepolymer composition on a substrate;
• annealing the prepolymer composition in a pressurized steam environment at a temperature and for a duration sufficient to form a porous medium having a solid matrix formed of a polymer derived from the prepolymer composition;
• infiltrating the porous medium with a liquid comprising electrically conductive nanomaterials such that the electrically conductive nanomaterials are located within pores of the porous medium;
• and
• evaporating the liquid such that the electrically conductive nanomaterials remain in and/or connected through the pores of the porous medium to result in a poroelastic material.