Display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same

A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:

• preparing a display panel including a display area, a peripheral area, a bending area, and a pad area, wherein the peripheral area is outside the display area, the bending area is disposed on one side of the peripheral area, and the pad area is spaced apart from the peripheral area with the bending area therebetween;
• attaching a lower protection layer to a rear surface of the display panel, wherein the lower protection layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion corresponds to the display area and the peripheral area, and the second portion corresponds to the pad area;
• attaching a guide film to a rear surface of the lower protection layer;
• applying a tensile force to the guide film and transforming a shape of the display panel;
• attaching a cover window to a front surface of the display panel;
• and
• removing the guide film,
• wherein a Young's modulus of the first portion of the lower protection layer is less than a Young's modulus of the second portion.