Systems, devices, and methods for intraphase and interphase balancing in module-based cascaded energy systems

A method of controlling a modular energy system including a plurality of arrays of energy modules, the method comprising:

• adjusting a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals;
• determining a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• generating a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values, wherein a respective module status value for each respective array of the plurality of arrays is determined based on monitoring one or more operating parameters of the respective array and weighting the one or more operating parameters of the respective array;
• generating a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices;
• and
• controlling the plurality of arrays using the plurality of modulated reference signals.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry of a modular energy system, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising:

• adjusting a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals;
• determining a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• generating a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values, wherein a respective module status value for each respective array of the plurality of arrays is determined based on monitoring one or more operating parameters of the respective array and weighting the one or more operating parameters of the respective array;
• generating a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices;
• and
• controlling a plurality of arrays of the modular energy system using the plurality of modulated reference signals.

A modular energy system, comprising:

• a plurality of arrays of energy modules;
• an interphase balance controller coupled to the plurality of arrays, wherein the interphase balance controller comprises:
• a space vector common mode calculation circuit configured to generate a first compensatory voltage signal;
• a balancing common mode calculation circuit configured to generate a second compensatory voltage signal;
• and
• a combination circuit configured to inject the first compensatory voltage signal to a plurality of voltage reference signals and to inject the second compensatory voltage signal to the plurality of voltage reference signals;
• wherein the interphase balance controller is configured to:
• adjust a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals, and
• determine a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• and
• one or more intraphase balance controllers coupled to the plurality of arrays, the one or more intraphase balance controllers configured to:
• generate a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values,
• generate a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices, and
• control the plurality of arrays using the plurality of modulated reference signals.

A modular energy system, comprising:

• a plurality of arrays of energy modules;
• an interphase balance controller, coupled to the plurality of arrays, the interphase balance controller configured to:
• adjust a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals, and
• determine a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• and
• one or more intraphase balance controllers coupled to the plurality of arrays, the one or more intraphase balance controllers configured to:
• generate a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values,
• generate a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices, and
• control the plurality of arrays using the plurality of modulated reference signals, wherein, for each array of the plurality of arrays,
• the array comprises a monitoring circuit configured to monitor one or more operating parameters of the array, and
• the intraphase balance controller coupled to the array comprises a module status calculation circuit configured to determine a module status value among the plurality of module status values by weighting the one or more operating parameters.

A modular energy system, comprising:

• a plurality of arrays of energy modules;
• an interphase balance controller, coupled to the plurality of arrays, the interphase balance controller configured to:
• adjust a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals,
• determine a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• and
• perform interphase balancing by one of:
• neutral point shifting, interphase energy injection, or both neutral point shifting and interphase energy injection;
• and
• one or more intraphase balance controllers coupled to the plurality of arrays, the one or more intraphase balance controllers configured to:
• generate a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values,
• generate a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices, and
• control the plurality of arrays using the plurality of modulated reference signals.

A method of controlling a modular energy system including a plurality of arrays of energy modules, the method comprising:

• adjusting a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals;
• determining a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• generating a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values;
• generating a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices;
• controlling the plurality of arrays using the plurality of modulated reference signals;
• and
• performing interphase balancing by:
• performing neutral point shifting,
• performing interphase energy injection, or
• performing both neutral point shifting and interphase energy injection.

A method of controlling a modular energy system including a plurality of arrays of energy modules, the method comprising:

• adjusting a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals;
• determining a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• generating a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values;
• generating a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices;
• controlling the plurality of arrays using the plurality of modulated reference signals
• generating a space vector common mode compensatory voltage signal;
• generating a balancing compensatory voltage signal;
• injecting the space vector common mode compensatory voltage signal to a plurality of voltage reference signals;
• and
• injecting the balancing compensatory voltage signal to the plurality of voltage reference signals.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry of a modular energy system, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising:

• adjusting a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals;
• determining a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• generating a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values;
• generating a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices;
• controlling a plurality of arrays of the modular energy system using the plurality of modulated reference signals;
• generating a space vector common mode compensatory voltage signal;
• generating a balancing compensatory voltage signal;
• injecting the space vector common mode compensatory voltage signal to a plurality of voltage reference signals;
• and
• injecting the balancing compensatory voltage signal to the plurality of voltage reference signals.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry of a modular energy system, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising:

• adjusting a plurality of reference signals to generate a plurality of common mode reference signals;
• determining a plurality of peak voltages based on the plurality of common mode reference signals;
• generating a plurality of modulation indices based on the plurality of peak voltages and a plurality of module status values;
• generating a plurality of modulated reference signals based on the plurality of modulation indices;
• controlling a plurality of arrays of the modular energy system using the plurality of modulated reference signals;
• and
• performing interphase balancing by:
• neutral point shifting,
• interphase energy injection, or
• both the neutral point shifting and the interphase energy injection.