Method and apparatus with data processing

A processor-implemented method of processing neural network data, the method comprising:

• setting first limit data by performing a first operation based on first input data and weight data generated from weights included in a filter;
• comparing the first limit data with an intermediate result of a second operation performed based on second input data and the weight data;
• and
• determining whether to perform a subsequent second operation based on a result of the comparing,
• wherein the weight data is generated based on values of the encoded weights corresponding to same bit positions of the encoded weights, and
• the encoded weights are weights encoded based on an inverted two's complement representation format of the weights.