Method and apparatus for cathodic protection of steel in a concrete structure located in an ionically conductive liquid

A method of cathodic protection of a steel reinforcement in a concrete structure located in an ionically conductive medium where a first part of the concrete structure is in contact with the medium below a surface of the medium and a second part of the concrete structure, continuous with the first part, is above the surface of the medium, the concrete structure having the steel reinforcement in both the first part and the second part, the method comprising:

• providing a covering layer arranged to cover at least part of at least one outer surface of the concrete structure so that an inside surface of the covering layer is located adjacent said at least one outer surface;
• providing a bulk anode of a sacrificial material for generating a galvanic current to the steel reinforcement in the concrete structure, the bulk anode being arranged so as to be positioned outside the covering layer and below the surface of the medium;
• the covering layer, prior to application to said at least part of at least one outer surface of the structure for covering thereof, carrying the bulk anode;
• attaching the covering layer to the concrete structure so as to attach the bulk anode carried thereby to the concrete structure;
• and providing electrical connections between the bulk anode and the steel reinforcement such that an ionic current flows between the bulk anode and the steel reinforcement tending to inhibit corrosion thereof.