Microlattice layers

A helmet, comprising:

• a shell;
• and
• an impact mitigation structure coupled to the shell, comprising:
• at least one three-dimensional (3D) microlattice structure formed using a 3D printing device, the at least one 3D microlattice structure comprising a plurality of filaments that are straight and extend obliquely from a first end at a first surface to a second end at a second surface, wherein:
• the first end of each filament of an interior subset of the plurality of filaments connects with a respective end of at least two other filaments to form a first set of end nodes at the first surface;
• the second end of each filament of the interior subset of the plurality of filaments connects with a respective end of at least two other filaments to form a second set of end nodes at the second surface;
• each filament of the interior subset of the plurality of filaments intersects with at least two other filaments of the interior subset to form a respective first mid node of a set of first mid nodes between the first surface and the second surface, wherein the set of first mid nodes are not laterally interconnected to other mid nodes of the set of first mid nodes;
• and
• each filament of the interior subset of the plurality of filaments intersects with at least two other filaments of the interior subset to form a respective second mid node of a set of second mid nodes between the first surface and the second surface;
• and
• a first material layer extends across a portion of the at least one 3D microlattice structure, the first material layer contacting the first set of end nodes and the first material layer comprising a repeating array of openings and segments laterally interconnecting respective end nodes of the first set of end nodes with at least two other end nodes of the first set of end nodes at the first surface.

A pad for a helmet, the pad comprising:

• a microlattice structure comprising a plurality of filaments that are straight and extend obliquely between a first end at a first surface and a second end at a second surface, wherein:
• the first end of each filament of an interior subset of the plurality of filaments connects with a respective end of at least two other filaments of the plurality of filaments to form a first set of end nodes at the first surface;
• the second end of each filament of the interior subset of the plurality of filaments connects with a respective end of at least two other filaments to form a second set of end nodes at the second surface;
• each filament of the interior subset of the plurality of filaments intersects with at least two other filaments of the interior subset to form a respective first mid node of a set of first mid nodes between the first surface and the second surface;
• the set of first mid nodes are not laterally interconnected to other mid nodes of the set of first mid nodes;
• each filament of the interior subset of the plurality of filaments intersects with at least two other filaments of the interior subset to form a respective second mid node of a set of second mid nodes between the first surface and the second surface;
• and
• a first material layer comprising an open structure including a repeating array of segments laterally interconnecting respective end nodes of the first set of end nodes with at least two other end nodes of the first set of end nodes at the first surface.