Frequency modulation in a communications network

A system, comprising:

• a processor and a memory couplable to a receiver, the processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
• position a first point in a grid space that represents an unmodulated signal component of a first signal based on a characteristic of a frequency modulator generating the first signal, the frequency modulator having a first input to receive data from a baseband source and having a second input to receive a second signal from a local oscillator;
• apply a first offset signal to the frequency modulator;
• determine, in the grid space, a first angle between a first line segment from a reference point to the first point and a second line segment from the first point to a point representing the first offset signal applied to the frequency modulator;
• and
• apply a second offset signal, based on the first angle, to compensate for the characteristic of the frequency modulator.