Light-emitting element and method of manufacturing light-emitting element

A light-emitting element comprising:

• a first electrode;
• a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode;
• a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing quantum dots;
• and
• a carrier transport layer disposed between the first electrode and a surface of the light-emitting layer on a second electrode side, including a plurality of protrusions extending toward the second electrode side, and containing a first carrier transport material, wherein
• at least parts of the plurality of protrusions of the carrier transport layer and at least parts of a plurality of gaps between the plurality of protrusions are covered by the quantum dots, wherein
• the carrier transport layer includes:
• a first carrier transport layer including a plurality of openings and containing the first carrier transport material;
• and a rod-like, second carrier transport material forming the plurality of protrusions in the plurality of openings.