Apparatus and method for sharing data

An apparatus for sharing data, comprising one or more hardware processors configured to:

• generate first combined data by combining target data to be shared and a random bit string;
• generate a ciphertext for the first combined data;
• generate one or more ciphertexts for a decryption key of the ciphertext for the first combined data using a public key of each of one or more entities to share the target data;
• generate second combined data by combining the ciphertext for the first combined data, the one or more ciphertexts for the decryption key, and the random bit string used to generate the first combined data;
• generate an electronic signature for the second combined data using a secret key;
• and
• disclose the second combined data and the electronic signature to the one or more entities to share the target data to be shared,
• wherein each of the random bit string included in the first combined data and the second combined data is used to verify the target data;
• a number of the one or more ciphertexts is equal to the number of entities to share the target data to be shared;
• and
• the target data to be shared can be verified when the random bit string used to generate the second combined data is identical to the random bit string used to generate the first combined data.