Engineered coating for filters and methods of manufacture thereof

A porous membrane comprising:

• a porous substrate;
• a porous ceramic coating disposed on the porous substrate;
• where an average pore size of pores in the porous substrate are larger than an average pore size of pores in the porous coating;
• and wherein fabricating the porous membrane is conducted at a temperature less than an oxidation temperature of the substrate, while not reducing any existing oxide coating on the membrane or wherein fabricating the membrane is conducted in an inert atmosphere with low air/oxygen partial pressures and at temperatures between 400 and 1200° C. and wherein the oxygen partial pressure is from 10−9 atm to 10−3 atm;
• wherein the porous ceramic coating comprises different oxides of the same metal, and the metal is titanium;
• wherein the different oxides are TiO2 and Ti2O3;
• and
• wherein the metal oxide comprises 50 to 80 wt % of TiO2 and 20 to 50 wt % of Ti2O3, based on the total weight of the metal oxide.