An apparatus for inspecting a stacking fault of a silicon carbide substrate using single incident light-based photoluminescence, the apparatus comprising:
- a sample stage configured to fix the silicon carbide substrate and move the substrate to allow the substrate to be scanned by a single incident light;
- an incident light source configured to irradiate the single incident light having a first wavelength corresponding to an energy greater than a band gap energy of the substrate;
- a photomultiplier tube (PMT) configured to obtain a photoluminescence mapping image of photoluminescence having a second wavelength corresponding to the band gap energy of the substrate;
- a spectrometer configured to obtain a photoluminescence spectrum of photoluminescence emitted from a defect region having a stacking fault;
- a stacking fault database comprising a plurality of stacking fault types and a plurality of peak wavelength ranges, each of which corresponds to one of the plurality of stacking fault types, wherein the plurality of stacking fault types comprise a first stacking fault type, and the plurality of peak wavelength ranges comprise a first peak wavelength range that corresponds to the first stacking fault type;
- and
- at least one controller configured to:
- cause the incident light source to irradiate the single incident light having the first wavelength to the substrate,
- cause the sample stage to move with respect to the single incident light to allow the single incident light to scan at least a portion of the substrate,
- cause the PMT to obtain a mapping image of the photoluminescence having the second wavelength corresponding to the band gap energy of the substrate and emitted from the at least a portion of the substrate in response to irradiating the single incident light,
- identify a defect region having a stacking fault from the photoluminescence mapping image of the substrate obtained from the PMT, the defect region having an intensity of the photoluminescence having the second wavelength lower than that of the photoluminescence having the second wavelength corresponding to the band gap energy of the substrate,
- obtain location data of the defect region,
- cause the sample stage to move the substrate and the incident light source to irradiate the single incident light to the defect region,
- cause the spectrometer to photoluminescence spectrum of photoluminescence emitted from the defect region of the stacking fault in response to irradiating the single incident light,
- determine if a peak wavelength in the photoluminescence spectrum of the defect region is within the first peak wavelength range, and
- in response to the determination that the peak wavelength is within the first peak wavelength range, determine the stacking fault in the defect region as the first stacking fault type that corresponds to the first peak wavelength range.