Device and method for phase imaging and element detection based on wavefront modulation

A phase imaging device based on the wavefront modulation, comprising:

• a light source module, wherein the light source module is a coherent light source (1),
• a light field beam splitting module, wherein the light field beam splitting module consists of a beam splitter (3), a first reflector (5), a first beam expander (4), and a second beam expander (6),
• a polarization control module, wherein the polarization control module consists of a second polarization film (9) and a third polarization film (10),
• a beam combining encoding module, wherein the beam combining encoding module achieves spatial overlap of an object light to be tested (25) and a wavefront modulated light (26) by controlling angles of the beam splitter (3) and the first reflector (5),
• a light spot detector (8), and
• a control and data processing module, wherein the control and data processing module is a computer (29),
• wherein the coherent light source (1) is divided into a transmitted light and a reflected light after passing through the beam splitter (3),
• the transmitted light passes through the second polarization film (9) and the first beam expander (4) sequentially and is incident on the light spot detector (8), and the reflected light passes through the first reflector (5), the second beam expander (6), and a sample to be tested (7) sequentially and reaches the light spot detector (8);
• an emitted light of the first beam expander (4) is used as the wavefront modulated light (26), an emitted light of the second beam expander (6) is used as the object light to be tested (25),
• the light spot detector (8) simultaneously records an encoded light field intensity distribution map containing two polarization states and an intensity distribution map of the object light to be tested (25), and
• the light spot detector (8) is controlled by the computer (29).

A phase imaging device based on the wavefront modulation, comprising:

• a light source module, wherein the light source module is composed of a first single-wavelength laser (17), a second single-wavelength laser (18), and an optical fiber beam combiner (19), and the light source module as a laser cluster comprises at least two single-wavelength lasers or a single laser containing a plurality of wavelengths,
• a light field beam splitting module, wherein the light field beam splitting module consists of an optical fiber beam splitter (12), an optical fiber collimator (13), a reflector lens (16), and a spherical reflector (20),
• a polarization control module, wherein the polarization control module is achieved by polarization parameters of the first single-wavelength laser (17), the second single-wavelength laser (18), and the optical fiber beam combiner (19),
• a beam combining encoding module, wherein the beam combining encoding module is achieved by controlling an emitting angle of the optical fiber collimator (13),
• a light spot detector (8), and
• a control and data processing module, wherein the control and data processing module is a computer (29),
• wherein an output light of the first single-wavelength laser (17) and the second single-wavelength laser (18) is beam-combined by the optical fiber beam combiner (19), and then divided into two beams by the optical fiber beam splitter (12),
• each beam contains lasers of both the first single-wavelength laser (17) and the second single-wavelength laser (18) at the same time, wherein one beam is collimated into parallel light or spherical wave by the optical fiber collimator (13) and reaches the light spot detector (8) as a wavefront modulated light (26), and the other beam as a point light source is collimated into parallel light or spherical wave by the reflector lens (16) and spherical reflector (20) as an illumination light of a reflection-type sample (14),
• the reflection-type sample (14) is a flat-surface, spherical-surface, free-form surface or irregular spherical surface structure, a reflected light of the reflection-type sample (14) is reflected by the spherical reflector (20), and then passes through the reflector lens (16) and reaches the light spot detector (8) as an object light to be tested (25), and
• the light spot detector (8) is controlled by the computer (29).