Coppice-with-standard, process for establishing the coppice-with-standard, and process for converting the coppice-with-standard into a commercial-permanent-forest

A process for establishing a commercial-permanent-forest comprising:

• establishing a coppice-with-standard with at least three permanent forest strips comprising permanent forest trees and at least two coppice strips comprising coppice trees;
• and
• recurrent harvesting of the coppice trees of the at least two coppice strips with rotation periods of 3 to 5 years;
• wherein the permanent forest trees established in the coppice-with-standard are not harvested completely during the process, but are removed individually up to a maximum overwood-target distance of 4 to 11 m,
• so that over time the coppice trees are darkened-out by the dominance of the permanent forest trees and the ratio of the wood stock in volume solid meters VSM) of permanent forest trees to coppice trees is at least 1, so that a commercial-permanent-forest is established,
• wherein coppice strips and permanent forest strips are arranged alternately, so that recurrently at least one coppice strip is arranged between two permanent forest strips immediately adjacent thereto,
• wherein the permanent forest trees in the permanent forest strips each form a permanent forest corridor,
• wherein the coppice trees in the coppice strips each form a coppice corridor,
• wherein the shortest distance between adjacent permanent forest corridors is 4 to 11 m,
• wherein the shortest distance between an outer-boundary of a permanent forest corridor and a nearest outer boundary of an immediately adjacent coppice corridor is 2.0 to 7 m.