Fabrication of glass cells for hermetic gas enclosures

A method of fabricating one or more glass cells for enclosing a gas, the method comprising:

• drawing one or more glass capillaries from a source of glass material comprising aluminosilicate, the drawing comprising:
• setting a cross section of the one or more glass capillaries to a height of approximately 0.15 to 5 mm and a width of approximately 0.3 to 10 mm;
• and
• drawing the one or more glass capillaries to a length of approximately 5 to 1500 mm;
• performing a first conditioning of one or more inner surfaces of the one or more glass capillaries, the first conditioning comprising a wet process, a dry process, or wet and dry cleaning processes;
• sealing one or more first ends of the one or more glass capillaries by applying thermal energy to the one or more first ends;
• performing a second conditioning of the one or more inner surfaces after the sealing, the second conditioning comprising:
• a wet process, a dry process, or wet and dry cleaning processes;
• heating the one or more glass capillaries to accelerate degassing of the one or more inner surfaces;
• and
• evacuating impurities from the one or more glass capillaries using a vacuum system;
• purifying the one or more glass capillaries to increase a purity of a gas used to fill the one or more glass capillaries, the purifying comprising:
• filling the one or more glass capillaries using one or more gases;
• and
• evacuating the one or more glass capillaries after the filling;
• filling the one or more glass capillaries using the gas after the purifying;
• pressurizing the one or more glass capillaries to a given pressure;
• sealing one or more second ends of the one or more glass capillaries using thermal energy;
• and
• dividing each of the one or more glass capillaries using thermal energy to produce the one or more glass cells that are seamless and hermetically sealed, wherein a dielectric loss factor of the one or more glass cells is approximately 200·10−4 or less for a sub-terahertz frequency.