Biomimetic implants

A biomimetic nerve or spinal cord implant comprising:

• a three-dimensional (3D) implant body comprising:
• a first end and a second end formed in a biomimetic shape which mimics structure of a nerve or spinal cord injury site as to host axon organization;
• and
• a plurality of linear channels within the body originating at the first end and terminating at the second end, wherein the plurality of linear channels within the body mimics host axon organization ex vivo and in vivo, wherein the plurality of linear channels comprise a channel wall thickness up to 100 micrometers,
• wherein the plurality of linear channels retain their pre-implantation structure for at least 4 weeks in vivo, and
• wherein the implant comprises an elastic modulus from about 260 kPa to about 300 kPa.