Multiply operation circuit, multiply and accumulate circuit, and methods thereof

A multiply and accumulate circuit comprising:

• a plurality of multiply operation cells configured in a matrix arrangement, each respective multiply operation cell of the multiply operation cells comprising:
• a field-effect transistor and a programmable switch in a series connection, wherein the field-effect transistor and the programmable switch are configured to control a current flow through the respective multiply operation cell to realize a multiplication operation,
• wherein the programmable switch comprises a field-effect transistor structure and a spontaneous-polarizable layer comprised in or coupled to a gate of the field-effect transistor structure, wherein a switch state of the programmable switch corresponds to a polarization state of the spontaneous-polarizable layer of at least two polarization states of the spontaneous-polarizable layer, and
• wherein all multiply operation cells of a first set of the plurality of multiply operation cells share a corresponding control line to realize an accumulation operation.

A multiply operation circuit comprising:

• a field-effect transistor having a first source/drain terminal, a second source/drain terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the first source/drain terminal is coupled to a first control line;
• and
• a switch having at least a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the switch is coupled to the second source/drain terminal of the field-effect transistor, and wherein the second terminal of the switch is coupled to a second control line, wherein the switch is a voltage controlled switch and comprises a control terminal to change a switch state in which the switch is residing in between at least two switch states associated with the voltage controlled switch,
• wherein the field-effect transistor and the switch are configured to control a current flow between the first control line and the second control line as a function of both a first control voltage provided at the control terminal of the field-effect transistor and the switch state in which the switch is residing in to realize a multiplication operation, wherein the control of the current flow between the first control line and the second control line is a function of both the first control voltage provided at the control terminal of the field-effect transistor and a response of the switch upon an application of a control voltage provided at the control terminal of the switch, wherein the first control voltage represents a first variable of the multiplication operation and wherein the switch state represents a second variable of the multiplication operation and wherein the current flow between the first control line and the second control line represents a product of the first variable and the second variable.