Ferrate based water treatment

A ferrate-based water treatment system comprising:

• a ferric compound solution preparation system configured to prepare ferric compound solution;
• an acidic oxidant solution preparation system configured to prepare an acidic oxidant solution;
• a flocculant-adsorbent solution preparation system configured to prepare a flocculant-adsorbent solution;
• a buffer tank fluidly coupled to the ferric compound solution preparation system and to the acidic oxidant solution preparation system;
• a redox reactor fluidly coupled to the ferric compound solution preparation system and to the acidic oxidant solution preparation system and to the flocculant-adsorbent solution preparation system;
• a clarifier fluidly coupled to the redox reactor, to the ferric compound solution preparation system, and to the acidic oxidant solution preparation system;
• and
• a two-stage filtration system coupled to the clarifier,
• wherein the redox reactor has a first section fluidly coupled with a second section;
• wherein the first section is configured to i) receive contaminated water, the ferric compound solution, and the acidic oxidant solution, ii) mix the ferric compound solution and the acidic oxidant solution to form a first amount of ferrate, and iii) contact the first amount of ferrate with the contaminated water for reaction with contaminants to produce a reacted water, and
• wherein the second section is configured to i) receive the reacted water from the first section, ii) receive the flocculant-adsorbent solution, iii) mix the reacted water and the flocculant-adsorbent solution to produce a reaction mixture, iv) allow for further ferrate reaction with contaminants to form larger particulate contaminants, v) allow for flocculation and adsorption of particulate contaminants into flocs, and vi) produce a redox water,
• wherein the clarifier has a main compartment fluidly coupled with a clarified water chamber,
• wherein the main compartment is configured to i) receive the redox water, the ferric compound solution, and the acidic oxidant solution, ii) mix the ferric compound solution and the acidic oxidant solution to form a second amount of ferrate, iii) contact the second amount of ferrate with the redox water for reaction with unreacted contaminants in the redox water, and iv) allow particulate contaminants and flocs to settle to a conical-shaped bottom portion of the clarifier, and
• wherein the clarified water chamber is configured to receive clarified water from the main compartment.