Complex containing betaine, transition metal and sulfate

A complex containing one or more betaine molecules, one or more transition metals, and one or more sulfate molecules in a ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the one or more transition metals each are coordinated with two oxygen atoms of a single one of the betaine molecules or with two oxygen atoms of two different ones of the one or more betaine molecules, wherein the transition metal is copper and the complex is characterized by an x-ray diffractogram having, for Cu-Kα1 radiation at room temperature, powder x-ray diffraction peaks at 8.6, 10.3, 12.9, 16.7, 20.4, 20.7, 22.3, and 23.3 in degrees 2-theta, each with a standard deviation of +/−0.2 degrees 2-theta.

A complex containing one or more betaine molecules, one or more transition metals, and one or more sulfate molecules in a ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the one or more transition metals each are coordinated with two oxygen atoms of a single one of the betaine molecules or with two oxygen atoms of two different ones of the one or more betaine molecules, wherein the transition metal is manganese and the complex is characterized by an x-ray diffractogram having, for Cu-Kα1 radiation at room temperature, powder x-ray diffraction peaks at 10.9, 12.9, 19.6, 20.3, 23.6, 23.9, 30.4, and 32.5 in degrees 2-theta, each with a standard deviation of +/−0.2 degrees 2-theta.

A complex containing one or more betaine molecules, one or more transition metals, and one or more sulfate molecules in a ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the one or more transition metals each are coordinated with two oxygen atoms of a single one of the betaine molecules or with two oxygen atoms of two different ones of the one or more betaine molecules, wherein the transition metal is iron and the complex is characterized by an x-ray diffractogram having, for Cu-Kα1 radiation at room temperature, powder x-ray diffraction peaks at 9.7, 14.1, 18.2, 18.5, 20.5, 21.0, 24.5, and 26.9 in degrees 2-theta, each with a standard deviation of +/−0.2 degrees 2-theta.

A complex containing one or more betaine molecules, one or more transition metals, and one or more sulfate molecules in a ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the one or more transition metals each are coordinated with two oxygen atoms of a single one of the betaine molecules or with two oxygen atoms of two different ones of the one or more betaine molecules, wherein the transition metal is copper and the complex is characterized by an x-ray diffractogram having, for Cu-Kα1 radiation at room temperature, powder x-ray diffraction peaks at 10.8, 12.3, 14.8, 17.4, 19.6, 19.9, 21.2, and 25.2 in degrees 2-theta, each with a standard deviation of +/−0.2 degrees 2-theta.

A complex containing one or more betaine molecules, one or more transition metals, and one or more sulfate molecules in a ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the one or more transition metals each are coordinated with two oxygen atoms of a single one of the betaine molecules or with two oxygen atoms of two different ones of the one or more betaine molecules, wherein the transition metal is manganese and the complex is characterized by an x-ray diffractogram having, for Cu-Kα1 radiation at room temperature, powder x-ray diffraction peaks at 9.7, 14.1, 18.2, 18.5, 20.5, 21.0, 24.5, and 26.9 in degrees 2-theta, each with a standard deviation of +/−0.2 degrees 2-theta.