Red-shifted fluorophores

A compound of the following structure:

• wherein
• Q is selected from the group consisting of CH(alkyl), C(alkyl)2, NH, N(alkyl), O, S, SO2, Si(alkyl)2, P(O)(aryl), P(O)(alkyl), PO2H, PO2(alkyl), Se, and replaced with two H atoms;
• L is independently selected from the group consisting of O, OH, NH2, NH(alkyl), NH(deuterated alkyl), N(alkyl)2, N(deuterated alkyl)2, NH(aryl), N(aryl)2, N(alkyl)(aryl), N(deuterated alkyl) (aryl), substituted or unsubstituted cyclic amines with a ring size of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted deuterated cyclic amines with a ring size of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 atoms, so long as when Q is O then L is not O or OH;
• R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halogen, CN, OH, O(alkyl), O(aryl), SH, S(alkyl), S(aryl), N3, NH2, NH(alkyl), N(alkyl)2, NH(aryl), N(aryl)2, NO2, CHO, C(O)(alkyl), C(O)(aryl), COOH, COO(alkyl), COO(aryl), C(O)NH(alkyl), C(O)NH(aryl), PO3H2, SO3H, alkyl and substituted alkyl, aryl and substituted aryl, alkenyl and substituted alkenyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, or where each adjacent R substituent and L substituent, taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, independently form a substituted or unsubstituted ring containing 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 atoms;
• X is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, CN, COOH, COO(alkyl), COO(aryl), C(O)NH(alkyl), C(O)N(alkyl)2, C(O)NH(aryl), and C(O)N(aryl)2;
• when W is not present in the structure, Z is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, OH, O(alkyl), O(aryl), COO, COOH, COO(alkyl), COO(aryl), C(O)NH(alkyl), C(O)N(alkyl)2, C(O)NH(aryl), C(O)N(aryl)2, PO3H2, SO3H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, and substituted alkenyl;
• and
• when W is present in the structure, Z is selected from the group consisting of C(O), SO2, PO2H, or CR2 where each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
• and W is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(N2), NH, N(alkyl), N(aryl), N(SO2R) where R can be alkyl, substituted alkyl, or CN.