# US 12,342,502 B2 · Two-phase immersion cooling apparatus with active vapor management > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,342,502 B2 - Document ID: US12342502B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/101,872 - Filed: 2023-01-26 - Published: 2023-06-01 - Granted: 2025-06-24 - Earliest claimed: 2021-03-03 - Assignees: Liquidstack Holding B.V. - Applicants: Liquidstack Holding B.V. - Inventors: Kar-Wing Lau - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12342502B2 ## CPC - H05K 7/20281: {Thermal management, e.g. liquid flow control} - F28F 27/02: for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels ({static flow control means in header boxes F28F9/026}; arrangements of guide plates or guide vanes F28F9/22, F28F25/12) - G01F 1/74: Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid - H05K 7/20236: {by immersion} - H05K 7/203: {by immersion} - H05K 7/20318: {Condensers} - H05K 7/20327: {Accessories for moving fluid, for connecting fluid conduits, for distributing fluid or for preventing leakage, e.g. pumps, tanks or manifolds} - H05K 7/20818: {within cabinets for removing heat from server blades} - F28D 15/06: Control arrangements therefor - H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS - F28F: DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16) - G01F: MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME - F28D: HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general) ## Abstract A two-phase immersion cooling apparatus may include an immersion tank with a primary condenser in thermal communication with an interior volume of the immersion tank and a vapor management system fluidically connected to the immersion tank. The vapor management system may enable the apparatus to effectively manage periods of high vapor production by removing vapor and other gases from a headspace of the immersion tank, condensing the vapor to liquid, and returning the liquid to the immersion tank. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A two-phase immersion cooling apparatus comprising: an immersion tank comprising an upper portion, a lower portion, and a primary condenser in thermal communication with an interior volume of the immersion tank; and a vapor management system fluidly connected to the immersion tank, the vapor management system comprising: a condensing chamber having an inlet, an outlet, and an auxiliary condenser in thermal communication with an interior volume of the condensing chamber; a vapor supply passage fluidly connecting the upper portion of the immersion tank to the inlet of the condensing chamber; a valve in the vapor supply passage between the upper portion of the immersion tank and the inlet of the condensing chamber; and a liquid return passage fluidly connecting the outlet of the condensing chamber to the immersion tank. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a variable volume chamber fluidly connected to the vapor supply passage between the upper portion of the immersion tank and the inlet of the condensing chamber, wherein the condensing chamber is a fixed volume condensing chamber. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pressure relief valve fluidly connected to the condensing chamber. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor located in the immersion tank or in the vapor supply passage and configured to detect pressure within the immersion tank. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an exhaust passage fluidly connected to the condensing chamber; a pressure relief valve in the exhaust passage; and a pressure sensor located in the vapor management system and configured to detect pressure within the vapor management system. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a water separator fluidly connected to the liquid return passage between the outlet of the condensing chamber and the immersion tank. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a liquid pump fluidly connected to the liquid return passage between the outlet of the condensing chamber and the immersion tank. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a drying filter fluidly connected to the liquid return passage between the outlet of the condensing chamber and the immersion tank. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an impurity filter fluidly connected to the liquid return passage between the outlet of the condensing chamber and the immersion tank. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a vapor pump fluidly connected to the vapor supply passage between the upper portion of the immersion tank and the inlet of the condensing chamber. ### Claim 11 A two-phase immersion cooling apparatus comprising: an immersion tank comprising an upper portion, a lower portion, and a primary condenser in thermal communication with an interior volume of the immersion tank; and a vapor management system fluidly connected to the immersion tank, the vapor management system comprising: a condensing chamber having an inlet, an outlet, and an auxiliary condenser in thermal communication with an interior volume of the condensing chamber; a vapor supply passage fluidly connecting the upper portion of the immersion tank to the inlet of the condensing chamber; a solenoid valve in the vapor supply passage between the upper portion of the immersion tank and the inlet of the condensing chamber; a liquid return passage fluidly connecting the outlet of the condensing chamber to the immersion tank; a pressure sensor configured to detect pressure in the immersion tank; and an electronic control unit configured to receive a pressure signal from the pressure sensor and send a command signal to the solenoid valve. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 11, wherein the pressure sensor is located in the immersion tank or in the vapor supply passage between the solenoid valve and the immersion tank. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 11, wherein the condensing chamber has a volume at least 10% as large as a headspace volume of the immersion tank. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a chiller fluidly connected to the auxiliary condenser. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The two-phase immersion cooling apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a dry cooler fluidly connected to the primary condenser. ### Claim 16 A method comprising: providing a two-phase immersion cooling apparatus comprising: an immersion tank comprising an upper portion, a lower portion, and a primary condenser in thermal communication with an interior volume of the immersion tank; and a vapor management system comprising: a condensing chamber having an inlet, an outlet, and an auxiliary condenser in thermal communication with an interior volume of the condensing chamber; a vapor supply passage fluidly connecting the upper portion of the immersion tank to the inlet of the condensing chamber; a valve in the vapor supply passage between the upper portion of the immersion tank and the inlet of the condensing chamber; and a liquid return passage fluidly connecting the outlet of the condensing chamber to the immersion tank; detecting a pressure within the immersion tank; opening the valve when the pressure is greater than a predetermined threshold setting and admitting dielectric vapor from the immersion tank into the condensing chamber; closing the valve when the pressure in the immersion tank is less than the predetermined threshold setting; condensing the dielectric vapor to a liquid in the condensing chamber; and returning the liquid to the immersion tank through the liquid return passage. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising circulating a coolant through the primary condenser, the coolant having a temperature greater than or equal to an ambient air temperature. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: circulating a first coolant through the primary condenser; and circulating a second coolant through the auxiliary condenser, wherein a temperature of the first coolant is greater than a temperature of the second coolant. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: providing a vapor pump fluidly connected to the vapor supply passage between the upper portion of the immersion tank and the inlet of the condensing chamber; and operating the vapor pump while the valve is open to purge gas from a headspace of the immersion tank and reduce the pressure within the immersion tank below atmospheric pressure. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the predetermined threshold setting is between −0.9 psig and 0.9 psig.