Forming, authenticating and securing non-fungible items

A method for forming, authenticating and securing non-fungible item, comprising:

• embedding identification marks, stochastically dispersed within at least a portion of a three dimensional (3D) structure of the physical item, to form a non-fungible physical (NFP) item, wherein unplanned characteristics of spatial properties of the identification marks, which are distinct and discernible from material surrounding the unplanned characteristics, have an infinitesimal probability of replication, wherein the identification marks are permanently fixed and unalterable without damaging the item, and whereby integration of the unplanned characteristics makes it virtually impossible to circumvent the embedding process or create a duplicate item with matching identification marks that would remain undetected during a comparison between the duplicate item and reference data relating to the NFP item;
• capturing and securely registering a digital representation of the unplanned characteristics of the spatial properties of the identification marks embedded within the NFP item;
• creating a digital record of ownership that securely links the spatial properties of the identification marks between the NFP item and its corresponding digital representation, and
• employing at least one of artificial intelligence (AI) and other suitable processing technology to compare spatial properties of identification marks embedded within a suspect NFP item to the digital representation of the NFP item, irrefutably determining authenticity of the suspect NFP item and preventing duplication of the NFP item.