Adducts between carbon allotropes and pyrrole derivatives, elastomer mixtures comprising them and tyres comprising such mixtures

An adduct between an sp2 hybridized carbon allotrope and a pyrrole derivative, wherein the pyrrole derivative is represented by formula (1)

• wherein
• R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently chosen from:
• hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl, linear or branched C2-C22 alkenyl or alkynyl, aryl, linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl-aryl, linear or branched C2-C22 alkenyl-aryl, linear or branched C2-C22 alkynyl-aryl, and heteroaryl;
• the dashed lines (a′) and (b′) independently represent a double bond or a single bond;
• and
• W, Y and Z are independently chosen from:
• hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C18 alkyl, linear or branched C2-C18 alkenyl or alkynyl, and formulae (II)-(V) depicted below
• wherein R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, and R21 are independently chosen from:
• hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C18 alkyl, linear or branched C2-C18 alkenyl or alkynyl, aryl, linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl-aryl, linear or branched C2-C22 alkenyl-aryl, linear or branched C2-C22 alkynyl-aryl, heteroaryl, carboxyl, acyl-alkyl with linear or branched C1-C18 alkyl, acyl-alkenyl or acyl-alkynyl with linear or branched C2-C18 alkenyl and alkynyl, acyl-aryl, acyl-heteroaryl, and acyl-amine, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups chosen from C1-C3 alkyl, carboxyl, and acyl-alkyl with C1-C3 alkyl;
• or R12 and R13 together form a pyrrole ring optionally substituted by one or more C1-C3 alkyl groups;
• and wherein m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, and n, o, p, q, r, and s are, independently of one another, an integer ranging from 1 to 12;
• and wherein
• when both the dashed lines (a′) and (b′) represent a double bond, then formula (1) is represented by formula (1a) wherein R1-R4 and W, Y, and Z have the meanings stated above, and wherein at least one among W, Y, and Z is represented by one of formulae (II)-(III) above:
• or
• when only the dashed line (b′) represents a double bond, then Y is hydrogen, W is a —CH2—S— group which together with the carbon in position “a” forms a 5-membered ring, and formula (1) is represented by formula (1b) below wherein R1-R4 and Z have the meanings stated above:
• or
• when both the dashed lines represent a single bond, then Y and W are both a —CH2—S — group, and each of together with the carbons in position “a” and “b” forms a 5-membered ring, and formula (1) is represented by formula (1c) wherein R1-R4 and Z have the meanings stated above: