Oxygen- and fluorine-doped cesium and rubidium lead perovskite compounds for hard radiation detection
AssigneesNorthwestern University, Uchicago Argonne, LLC
InventorsWenwen Lin, Duck Young Chung, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
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Abstract
Inorganic perovskites doped with oxygen atoms or fluorine atoms, methods for making the doped perovskites, and hard radiation detectors incorporating the doped perovskites as photoactive layers are provided. The doped perovskites utilize lead oxide, lead fluoride, or compounds that thermally decompose into lead oxide or lead fluoride as dopant atom sources. During the crystallization of a perovskite in the presence of the dopant atom sources, oxygen or fluoride atoms from the dopant source are incorporated into the perovskite crystal lattice.
Claims20
A doped perovskite comprising:
- a perovskite single-crystal having a chemical formula CsAX3, a chemical formula RbAX3, or a chemical formula Cs1-xRbxPbX3, where 0<x<1, wherein A represents Pb or a combination of Pb and one or more of Sn, Si, and Ge, and X represents one or more halogen atoms;
- and
- oxygen atom dopants or fluorine atom dopants in a crystal lattice of the perovskite single-crystal.
A device for a detection of incident radiation comprising:
- a photoactive layer comprising:
- a perovskite single-crystal having a chemical formula CsAX3, a chemical formula RbAX3, or a chemical formula Cs1-xRbxPbX3, where 0<x<1, wherein A represents Pb or a combination of Pb and one or more of Sn, Si, and Ge, and X represents one or more halogen atoms;
- and
- oxygen atom dopants or fluorine atom dopants in a crystal lattice of the perovskite single-crystal;
- a first electrode in electrical communication with the photoactive layer;
- a second electrode in electrical communication with the photoactive layer,
- wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to apply an electric field across the photoactive layer;
- and
- a signal detector configured to measure a photocurrent generated in the photoactive layer when the photoactive layer is exposed to incident X-rays, gamma-rays, and/or alpha-particles.
A method for detecting incident radiation using a device comprising:
- a photoactive layer comprising:
- a perovskite single-crystal having a chemical formula CsAX3, a chemical formula RbAX3, or a chemical formula Cs1-xRbxPbX3, where 0<x<1, wherein A represents Pb or a combination of Pb and one or more of Sn, Si, and Ge, and X represents one or more halogen atoms;
- and
- oxygen atom dopants or fluorine atom dopants in a crystal lattice of the perovskite single-crystal;
- a first electrode in electrical communication with the photoactive layer;
- a second electrode in electrical communication with the photoactive layer, wherein
- the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to apply an electric field across the photoactive layer;
- and
- a signal detector configured to measure a photocurrent generated in the photoactive layer when the photoactive layer is exposed to incident X-rays, gamma-rays, and/or alpha-particles, the method comprising:
- exposing the photoactive layer of the device to incident radiation comprising X-rays, gamma rays, and/or alpha particles, whereby the photoactive layer absorbs the incident radiation and a photocurrent is generated in the photoactive layer;
- and
- measuring at least one of an energy and an intensity of the absorbed incident radiation by detecting the photocurrent.
A method of making an oxygen-doped perovskite or a fluorine-doped perovskite having a chemical formula CsAX3, a chemical formula RbAX3, or a chemical formula Cs1-xRbxPbX3, where 0<x<1, where A represents Pb or a combination of Pb and one or more of Sn, Si, and Ge, X represents one or more halogen atoms, the method comprising:
- forming a mixture of a perovskite having the chemical formula CsAX3, the chemical formula RbAX3, or the chemical formula Cs1-xRbxPbX3, where 0<x<1, where A represents Pb, Sn, Si, Ge, or a combination of two or more thereof, and X represents one or more halogen atoms, and a dopant source compound comprising:
- PbO;
- a lead and oxygen-containing compound that decomposes into PbO when the lead and oxygen-containing compound is heated;
- PbF2;
- or
- a lead and fluorine-containing compound that decomposes into PbF2 when the lead and fluorine-containing compound is heated;
- melting the perovskite and the dopant source compound to form a melt;
- and
- crystalizing the oxygen-doped perovskite or the fluorine-doped perovskite from the melt.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.