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US 12,311,346 B2Granted
Increasing rates of catalytic chemical reactions by operating under conditions of adsorption compression
AssigneeThe Johns Hopkins University
InventorsGregory Aranovich, Marc C. Donohue
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A catalyst includes at least one of a porous or particulate material having a plurality of active sites that attract reactants thereto. The active sites have a spacing within a predetermined range so as to enable a chemical reaction to be enhanced through use of potential energy of intermolecular adsorption compression or intramolecular adsorption stretching of one or more reactants to decrease the activation energy barrier or by adsorption compression of one or more reaction products leading to an increased desorption rate for the reaction product molecule and thereby an increased overall rate of reaction.
Claims14
A method of performing a chemical reaction, comprising:
- providing at least one of a porous or a particulate catalyst that has a structure and composition to catalyze said chemical reaction using potential energy of adsorption compression of reactant molecules or product molecules, rather than just kinetic energy, to overcome an activation energy barrier for the chemical reaction for the reactant molecules or to lower a strength of adsorption of one or more of the product molecules thereby increasing a rate of desorption of one or more product molecules;
- exposing said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst to the reactant molecules for said chemical reaction such that one or more of the said reactant molecules are adsorbed and compressed on or in said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst thus storing the potential energy from said adsorption compression, or such that one or more of said product molecules are formed and reach a level of adsorption on or in said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst so that the product molecules are compressed thereby increasing the rate of desorption the one or more product molecules;
- controlling a temperature of said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst containing said reactant molecules at a reaction temperature such that said chemical reaction is substantially enhanced by said potential energy;
- and selecting said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst, said selecting comprising determining a decrease in the activation energy barrier by measuring of the energy of adsorption compression of the reactant molecules of the chemical reaction.
1 more element
A catalyst comprising:
- at least one of a porous or a particulate material having a plurality of active sites that attract reactants thereto,
- wherein the active sites have a spacing within a predetermined range so as to enable a chemical reaction to be enhanced through use of potential energy of adsorption compression to decrease an activation energy barrier for reactant molecules or through use of potential energy of adsorption stretching to decrease the activation energy barrier or increase in a rate of desorption of product molecules by using the potential energy of adsorption compression of the product molecules, and
- wherein the at least one of the porous or the particulate material has substantially optimum ratios of atomic elements in the at least one of the porous or the particulate material that provide a substantially highest reaction rate of the reactants and for which there is a substantially highest energy of adsorption compression based on measuring of adsorption isotherms of either reactants or reaction products.
A method of performing a chemical reaction, comprising:
- providing at least one of a porous or a particulate catalyst that has a structure and composition to catalyze said chemical reaction using potential energy of adsorption stretching of intramolecular bonds, rather than just kinetic energy, to overcome an activation energy barrier for the chemical reaction;
- exposing said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst to molecules for said chemical reaction such that one or more of reactant molecules are adsorbed and one or more of its intramolecular bonds are stretched on or in said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst thus storing the potential energy from adsorption compression;
- and
- controlling a temperature of said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst containing said molecules at a reaction temperature such that said chemical reaction is substantially enhanced by said potential energy,
- wherein the at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst has substantially optimum ratios of atomic elements in the at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst that provide a substantially highest reaction rate of the reactant molecules and for which there is a substantially highest energy of adsorption stretching of intramolecular bonds based on measuring of adsorption isotherms of the reactant molecules.
2 more elements
A method of performing a chemical reaction, comprising:
- providing at least one of a porous or a particulate catalyst that has a structure and composition to catalyze said chemical reaction using potential energy of adsorption compression of reactant molecules or product molecules, rather than just kinetic energy, to overcome an activation energy barrier for the chemical reaction for the reactant molecules or to lower a strength of adsorption of one or more of the product molecules thereby increasing a rate of desorption of one or more product molecules;
- exposing said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst to the reactant molecules for said chemical reaction such that one or more of the said reactant molecules are adsorbed and compressed on or in said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst thus storing the potential energy from said adsorption compression, or such that one or more of said product molecules are formed and reach a level of adsorption on or in said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst so that the product molecules are compressed thereby increasing the rate of desorption the one or more product molecules;
- controlling a temperature of said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst containing said reactant molecules at a reaction temperature such that said chemical reaction is substantially enhanced by said potential energy;
- and
- selecting said at least one of the porous or the particulate catalyst, said selecting comprising determining an increase in the rate of desorption of the product molecules by measuring the potential energy of adsorption compression of the product molecules of the chemical reaction.
2 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.