Stimulation of a nerve supplying the spleen

A system for stimulating neural activity of a nerve supplying a spleen,

• wherein the nerve is associated with a neurovascular bundle, the system comprising:
• at least one electrode configured to be in signaling contact with the nerve supplying the spleen, wherein the nerve is associated with the neurovascular bundle;
• and
• at least one controller electrically coupled to the at least one electrode, the at least one
• controller configured to control operation of the at least one electrode to apply an electrical signal having a charge density to the nerve, wherein the charge density per phase applied to the nerve supplying the spleen by the electrical signal is >40 μC per cm2 per phase and < 150 μC per cm2 per phase, wherein the electrical signal produces an improvement in a physiological parameter in a subject, wherein the improvement in the physiological parameter is one or more of the group consisting of:
• a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or pro-resolving mediators, an increase in catecholamines, changes in immune cell population or immune cell surface co-stimulatory molecules, a reduction in factors involved in an inflammation cascade, and/or a reduction in immune response mediators.