Methods of selecting subjects for treatment with metabolomic modulators

A method of treating a subject afflicted with a seizure disorder, the method comprising

• (a) selecting a subject afflicted with a seizure disorder in whom presence, absence, amount, or activity of at least one biomarker associated with a seizure disorder differs from presence, absence, amount, or activity of the same biomarker in a reference sample representative of a subject without the seizure disorder;
• and
• (b) administering to the subject afflicted with the seizure disorder an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition to treat the seizure disorder,
• wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises bacteria of the Akkermansia (Akk) and Parabacteroides (Pb) genera;
• and
• wherein each of the at least one biomarkers is selected from GABA/glutamate ratio, glutamine, leucine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, gamma-glutamyl (GG)-leucine, gamma-glutamyl (GG)-lysine, gamma-glutamyl (GG)-threonine, gamma-glutamyl (GG)-tryptophan, gamma-glutamyl (GG)-tyrosine, arabonate, xylonate, N-acetylmethionine, myristoleoylcarnitine (C14:1), cytidine 5′-monophosphate (5′-CMP), 1-palmitoly-2- linoleoyldigalactosylg, riboflavin (Vitamin B2), ursocholate, isovalerate, glucoronate, creatine, 1-palmitoyl-GPI (16:0), pipecolate, campesterol, laurylcarnitine (C12), glucose, ethylmalonate, delta-tocopherol, palmitoylcarnithine (C16), picolinate, 6-oxolithocholate, cysteine, 2-oxoarginine, N6-formyllysine, ribulose/xylulose, 3-ureidopropionate, 3-methylcytidine, N6-carboxymethyllysine, N-formylphenylalanine, 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate, 4-guanidinobutanoate, p-cresol sulfate, imidazole propionate, phenylacetylglycine, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), ergothioneine, indolepropionate, tauro-beta- muricholate, p-cresol-glucoronide, cholate, indoleacrylate, 1-palmitoleoglycerol (16:1), cystathionine, 3-methylglutaconate, palmitoleate (16:1 n7), sphingomyelin (d18:1/25:0 d19:0/24:1 d20:1/23:0 d19:1/24:0), decanoylcarnitine (C10), 17-methylstearate, 1- palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:1), stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0), 4-hydroxyhippurate, N6-carboxymethyllysine, valylleucine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPI (16:0/18:1), valerylcarnitine (C5), indoleacetylglycine, octanoylcarnitine (C8), 1-methylnicotinamide, ursodeoxycholate, gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine, 7-ketodeoxycholate, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPG (16:0/18:1), dihydrobiopterin, glycerophosphoglycerol, urea, linoleoylcarnitine (C 18:2), palmitoylcholine, 1-stearoyl-GPC (18:0), 2-hydroxyglutarate, indoleacetate, 3-sulfo-L-alanine, glutarate (pentanedioate), p-aminobenzoate (PABA), maltose, stearoylcholine, erythronate, maltotriose, spermine, gamma-glutamyltyrosine, N-formylmethionine, mevalonate, gamma-glutamylhistidine, 3-sulfo-L-alanine, mannitol/sorbitol, gamma-glutamyltryptophan, 1-methylguanidine, homostachydrine, palmitoyl dihydrosphingomyelin (d18:0/16:0), N-trimethyl 5-aminovalerate, sphingomyelin (d18:0/18:0 d19:0/17:0), homoarginine, pyridoxate, behenoyl dihydrosphingomyelin (d18:0/22:0), 10-undecenoate (11:1n1), betaine, sphingomyelin (d18:1/19:0 d19:1/18:0), sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:1 d18:2/18:0), choline, 2-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:1), dihomo-linoleoylcarnitine (C20:2), glycosyl-N-stearoyl-sphingosine, stearoylcarnitine (C18), 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPC (18:0/18:2), 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPI (16:0/18:2), 2,3-dihyroxy-2-methylbutyrate, 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate, N-behenoyl-sphingadienine (d18:2/22:0), pyroglutamine, taurocyamine, phenol sulfate, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-GPC (18:0/18:1), dihomo-linolenoylcarnitine, or xanthurenate.