Method for rapid reconstruction of food source habitat of Leucogeranus leucogeranus by using returned farmland

A method for rapid reconstruction of a food source habitat of Leucogeranus leucogeranus by using a returned farmland, comprising following steps:

• S1, selecting degraded farmland plots:
• selecting plots for returning farmland to wetland adjacent to a natural wetland as a target reconstruction site, and dividing stress degrees according to soil saline-alkali states of the plots for returning farmland to wetland;
• S2, constructing a connected plot network:
• dividing independent reconstruction plot units in the reconstruction site, and piling soil ridges around the independent reconstruction plot units and on peripheral edges of the reconstruction site;
• S3, improving local soil habitat elements:
• using surrounding natural wetland water bodies for flood irrigation of the target reconstruction site;
• using a rotary tiller for rotary tillage of surface soil, and performing secondary rotary tillage after adding vermiculite;
• S4, coating water chestnut bulbs:
• collecting the water chestnut bulbs in the natural wetland at a designated time one year before implementing the food source habitat of Leucogeranus leucogeranus, and sequentially performing drying, low-temperature sand storage and a coating operation on the water chestnut bulbs;
• S5, cultivating the water chestnut bulbs:
• cultivating the water chestnut bulbs in a form of rows in a unit reconstruction plot;
• and
• S6, regulating and controlling and managing a hydrological environment:
• using a water pump to divert water to regulate and control the hydrological environment of a selected reconstruction site;
• the dividing the stress degrees according to the soil saline-alkali states of the plots for returning farmland to wetland wherein:
• when a soil saline-alkali state is 0 mmol/L, dividing into no saline-alkali stress, when a soil saline-alkali state is 0-25 mmol/L, dividing into mild saline-alkali stress, when a soil saline-alkali state is 25-50 mmol/L, dividing into moderate saline-alkali stress, and when a soil saline-alkali state is 50-100 mmol/L, dividing into severe saline-alkali stress;
• the flood irrigation of the selected reconstruction site wherein:
• performing flood irrigation until a surface accumulated water depth of the reconstruction site reaches 5-10 centimeters, with a water body retention duration lasting for 2-3 days, and then using the water pump to pump a water body and return to the natural wetland, requiring flood irrigation once for plots without saline-alkali type stress, flood irrigation twice for plots with mild saline-alkali stress, flood irrigation three times for plots with moderate saline-alkali stress and flood irrigation three to four times for plots with severe saline-alkali stress;
• in the coating operation, first placing the water chestnut bulbs after the low-temperature sand storage in 1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection after washing, and then placing in a coating machine and coating in a roller form, wherein the coating machine is required to be internally provided with mixed powder of ammonium nitrate, urea, difenoconazole and brassinolide, and a mass ratio of the ammonium nitrate, the urea, the difenoconazole and the brassinolide is 1.5:7:1:0.5;
• and
• when using the water pump to divert the water to regulate and control the hydrological environment of the selected reconstruction site, requiring a first water replenishment work to be carried out within 7 to 10 days after water chestnut seedlings are cultivated, and replenishing water until a soil water content is more than 65% and there is no accumulated water on a surface;
• requiring a subsequent water diversion work to be carried out when the water chestnut seedlings grow to 3 to 5 centimeters;
• requiring a flooding depth to be maintained at 5 centimeters after water replenishment;
• and requiring artificial water replenishment to be terminated in early November.