Engineered guide RNA and uses thereof

A method of RNA-guided genome editing, the method comprising:

• introducing into a cell:
• a) a guide RNA comprising a guide segment that hybridizes with a target sequence of a DNA molecule in a eukaryotic cell to form an RNA/DNA hybrid, and wherein the guide RNA forms a stem loop 5′ of the RNA/DNA hybrid, and
• b) an mRNA encoding a Cpf1 protein;
• wherein the guide RNA comprises from 15 to 50 additional nucleotides 5′ of the stem loop, wherein the 15 to 50 additional nucleotides 5′ of the stem loop comprises SEQ ID NO:
• 47, SEQ ID NO:
• 49, SEQ ID NO:
• 50, SEQ ID NO:
• 52, SEQ ID NO:
• 53, SEQ ID NO:
• 55, SEQ ID NO:
• 56, SEQ ID NO:
• 57, SEQ ID NO:
• 58, SEQ ID NO:
• 59, SEQ ID NO:
• 60, or SEQ ID NO:
• 61, wherein the guide RNA comprises at least three chemically modified nucleotides 5′ of the stem loop, wherein the at least three chemically modified nucleotides 5′ of the stem loop area chemically modified ribose and wherein the additional nucleotides 5′ of the stem loop form a heterologous sequence;
• wherein the guide RNA comprises five chemically modified nucleotides at the 3′ end of the guide segment, and wherein the five chemically modified nucleotide at the 3′ end of the guide segment are a chemically modified ribose;
• wherein the guide RNA hybridizes with the target sequence and the Cpf1 protein cleaves the DNA molecule;
• wherein the guide RNA comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:
• 4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:
• 35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:
• 40, SEQ ID NO:
• 41, SEQ ID NO:
• 42, SEQ ID NO:
• 43, SEQ ID NO:
• 44, and SEQ ID NO:
• 45;
• and
• wherein the chemically modified ribose comprises 2′-Fluoro (2′F).