Deformable lens with an extended range of stability

A liquid lens comprising:

• a substrate;
• an electroactive layer overlying the substrate and disposed between a primary electrode and a secondary electrode;
• a liquid layer disposed between the substrate and the electroactive layer, the liquid layer extending along an entire length of each of the substrate and the electroactive layer;
• and
• a seal located between the substrate and the electroactive layer peripheral to the liquid layer, wherein the electroactive layer has a first curvature (r1) between the electrodes primary electrode and the secondary electrode when zero voltage is applied across the electroactive layer, a second curvature (r2) between the electrodes primary electrode and the secondary electrode when a non-zero voltage is applied across the electroactive layer, and r1 is substantially equal to −r2, wherein the primary electrode and the secondary electrode each comprise a transparent conductive oxide and extend across an optical aperture of the liquid lens.