Heterogeneous catalyst with multicatalytic activity

A process for preparing a heterogeneous catalyst with multicatalytic activity containing a group with an anionic character and another organic cationic, a combination of the anionic character group and the organic cationic group forming an ionic liquid which is integrated on a mesoporous silica support, with a structural chemical formula:

• where:
• R1 is a substituted alkyl, alkyl, aryl group or substituted aryl;
• R2 is a chain of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• X is a chemical element selected from the group consisting of Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P) or Sulfur (S);
• M is a chemical element of the type Molybdenum (Mo), Tungsten (W), Vanadium (V) Titanium (Ti) or Zirconium (Zr);
• OMM is a mesoporous silica support;
• and
• n is the charge number,
• wherein the process comprises the following steps in order:
• providing an ionic liquid derived from imidazolium, wherein said ionic liquid comprises the following structural formula:
• wherein A is an anion;
• covalently anchoring the ionic liquid to a mesoporous silica support to produce an ionic functional hybrid compound comprising the following structural formula:
• and
• exchanging anion A via lon exchange of anion A of the ionic functional hybrid compound with a polyoxometalate (POM) of formula H2XM12O40n−, thereby yielding the heterogenous catalyst having the structural chemical formula as follows: