Osmosis modules having recirculation loops

A method for separating components form a solution, the method comprising:

• passing a bulk feed stream to a plurality of membrane modules in a first direction;
• circulating a bulk draw stream to the plurality of membrane modules in a second direction opposite the first direction;
• running a feed stream of the bulk feed stream and a draw stream of the bulk draw stream through each of the plurality of membrane modules in a co-current flow, wherein at one or more membrane modules of the plurality of membrane modules the feed stream is circulated through a membrane module in a feed recirculation loop to form a recirculated feed stream corresponding to the membrane module and the draw stream is circulated through the membrane module in a draw recirculation loop to form a recirculated draw stream corresponding to the membrane module;
• directing, utilizing one or more first valves, a portion of the recirculated feed stream in each feed recirculation loop to:
• a subsequent membrane module in a subsequent feed recirculation loop of the plurality of membrane modules or a concentrated feed stream outlet operably coupled to the plurality of membrane modules;
• and
• the membrane module of the plurality of membrane modules in the feed recirculation loop;
• and
• moving, using one or more second valves, a portion of the recirculated draw stream in each draw recirculation loop to:
• a previous membrane module in a previous draw recirculation loop of the plurality of membrane modules or a diluted draw stream outlet operably coupled to the plurality of membrane modules;
• and
• the membrane module of the plurality of membrane modules in the draw recirculation loop;
• wherein the bulk feed stream flows from a first osmosis module of plurality of membrane modules to a final osmosis module of the plurality of membrane modules, and a bulk draw stream flows from the final osmosis module to the first osmosis module.