Coatings on particles of high energy materials and methods of forming same

A method for applying a coating to a highly-energetic powder material comprising at least one Group I or Group II element, comprising:

• a) providing a volume of powder having a surface area to a reactor chamber, providing a total volume of first reagent and a total volume of second reagent, wherein the total volume of first reagent and total volume of second reagent are sufficient to saturate 100% to 150% of the surface area of said volume of powder;
• b) bringing the reactor chamber to a temperature between 25° C. and 100° C.;
• c) exposing the volume of powder to between 12.5% and 50% of the total volume of first reagent over a first time period;
• d) flushing or purging the reactor chamber over a second time period that is between 20% and 400% of the first time period;
• e) repeating steps (c) and (d) until the total volume of first reagent is exposed to the volume of powder;
• f) exposing the volume of powder to between 12.5% and 50% of the total volume of second reagent over a third time period;
• g) flushing or purging the reactor chamber over a fourth time period that is between 20% and 400% of the third time period;
• h) repeating steps (f) and (g) until the total volume of second reagent is exposed to the volume of powder.