Process of transfecting primordial germ cells in an avian

A method of making a chicken or quail with genetically modified germ cells, the method comprising:

• A) injecting a transfection mixture comprising:
• a) a plasmid comprising exogenous DNA encoding an RNA molecule flanked by Tol2 or mini-Tol2 sequences [para 24];
• b) a plasmid encoding Tol2 transposase;
• and
• c) a cationic lipid
• into a blood vessel of:
• i) a stage 12-17 chicken embryo, or
• ii) an equivalent stage quail embryo,
• such that the exogenous DNA is integrated into the genome of PGCs of the embryo
• B) incubating the embryo such that a chicken or quail comprising genetically modified germ cells whose genomes comprise the exogenous DNA is obtained.